1. 程式人生 > >觀察者模式實現(模仿CSharpMessenger擴充套件)

觀察者模式實現(模仿CSharpMessenger擴充套件)

我們在遊戲開發中經常會用到這種模式,用於模組之間的訊息分發,來降低模組之間耦合性,基本原來就是利用字串作為key值來儲存回撥函式(大多數觀察者模式使用字串作為訊息佇列中的key值),分發訊息時檢索key值來獲取回撥函式並執行來達到模組之間互動的功能,為了實現訊息型別拓展,這裡我使用了類模板來實現,由於c++編譯器對類模板的限制,因此類模板成員函式的實現我也放在了標頭檔案中,程式碼之中不作說明

標頭檔案:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>



//訊息系統
//無引數
class Message
{
public:	
	typedef void(*CallBack)();
	Message() {}
	~Message() { messageMap.clear(); }
	static Message* instance;
	void Clean();
	static Message* GetInstance();
	void AddListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
	void RemoveListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
	void Dispatch(std::string eventType);
private:
	std::map<std::string, std::vector<CallBack>> messageMap;
};


//單引數
template<class T>
class MessageI
{
public:
	typedef void(*CallBack)(T args);
	MessageI() {}
	static MessageI<T>* GetInstance();
	void AddListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
	void RemoveListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
	void Dispatch(std::string eventType, T arg1);
	void Clean();

private:
	std::map<std::string, std::vector<CallBack> > messageMap;
	static MessageI<T>* instanceI;
};

template<class T>
MessageI<T>* MessageI<T>::instanceI = NULL;

template<class T>
MessageI<T>* MessageI<T>::GetInstance()
{
	if (!instanceI)
	{
		instanceI = new MessageI<T>();
	}
	return instanceI;
}

template<class T>
void MessageI<T>::Clean()
{
	messageMap.clear();
}

template<class T>
void MessageI<T>::AddListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
	auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
	if (iter != messageMap.end())
	{
		iter->second.push_back(callback);
	}
	else
	{
		vector<CallBack> temp;
		temp.push_back(callback);
		messageMap.insert(make_pair(eventType, temp));
	}
}

template<class T>
void MessageI<T>::RemoveListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
	auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
	if (iter == messageMap.end())
	{
		cout << "error:刪除不存在的訊息 name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		auto funcVec = iter->second;
		for (auto iter = funcVec.begin(); iter != funcVec.end(); iter++)
		{
			if (*iter == callback)
			{
				funcVec.erase(iter);
				break;
			}
		}
		if (funcVec.size == 0)
		{
			messageMap.erase(iter);
		}
	}
}

template<class T>
void MessageI<T>::Dispatch(std::string eventType, T arg1)
{
	auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
	if (iter == messageMap.end())
	{
		cout << "error:觸發不存在的訊息 name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		auto funcVec = iter->second;
		for each (auto var in funcVec)
		{
			if (var)
			{
				var(arg1);
			}
			else
			{
				cout << "error:回撥函式為null name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
			}
		}
	}
}


//兩個引數
template<class T, class U>
class MessageII
{
public:
	typedef void(*CallBack)(T args1, U args2);
	MessageII() {}
	static MessageII<T, U>* GetInstance();
	void AddListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
	void RemoveListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
	void Dispatch(std::string eventType, T args1, U args2);
	void Clean();

private:
	std::map<std::string, std::vector<CallBack> > messageMap;
	static MessageII<T, U>* instanceII;
};

template<class T, class U>
MessageII<T, U>* MessageII<T, U>::instanceII = NULL;

template<class T, class U>
MessageII<T, U>* MessageII<T, U>::GetInstance()
{
	if (!instanceII)
	{
		instanceII = new MessageII<T, U>();
	}
	return instanceII;
}

template<class T, class U>
void MessageII<T, U>::Clean()
{
	messageMap.clear();
}

template<class T, class U>
void MessageII<T, U>::AddListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
	auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
	if (iter != messageMap.end())
	{
		iter->second.push_back(callback);
	}
	else
	{
		vector<CallBack> temp;
		temp.push_back(callback);
		messageMap.insert(make_pair(eventType, temp));
	}
}

template<class T, class U>
void MessageII<T, U>::RemoveListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
	auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
	if (iter == messageMap.end())
	{
		cout << "error:刪除不存在的訊息 name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		auto funcVec = iter->second;
		for (auto iter = funcVec.begin(); iter != funcVec.end(); iter++)
		{
			if (*iter == callback)
			{
				funcVec.erase(iter);
				break;
			}
		}
		if (funcVec.size == 0)
		{
			messageMap.erase(iter);
		}
	}
}

template<class T, class U>
void MessageII<T, U>::Dispatch(std::string eventType, T args1, U args2)
{
	auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
	if (iter == messageMap.end())
	{
		cout << "error:觸發不存在的訊息 name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		auto funcVec = iter->second;
		for each (auto var in funcVec)
		{
			if (var)
			{
				var(args1, args2);
			}
			else
			{
				cout << "error:回撥函式為null name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
			}
		}
	}
}

原始檔:

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Message.h"
using namespace std;


Message* Message::instance = nullptr;
Message* Message::GetInstance()
{
	if (instance == nullptr)
	{
		instance = new Message();
	}
	return instance;
}

void Message::Clean()
{
	messageMap.clear();
}

void Message::AddListener(string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
	auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
	if (iter != messageMap.end())
	{
		iter->second.push_back(callback);
	}
	else
	{
		vector<CallBack> temp;
		temp.push_back(callback);
		messageMap.insert(make_pair(eventType, temp));
	}
}

void Message::RemoveListener(string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
	auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
	if (iter == messageMap.end())
	{
		cout << "error:刪除不存在的訊息 name = "<<eventType.c_str()<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		auto funcVec = iter->second;
		for (auto iter = funcVec.begin(); iter != funcVec.end(); iter++)
		{
			if (*iter == callback)
			{
				funcVec.erase(iter);
				break;
			}
		}
		if (funcVec.size() == 0)
		{
			messageMap.erase(iter);
		}
	}
}

void Message::Dispatch(string eventType)
{
	auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
	if (iter == messageMap.end())
	{
		cout << "error:觸發不存在的訊息 name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		auto funcVec = iter->second;
		for each (auto var in funcVec)
		{
			if (var)
			{
				var();
			}
			else
			{
				cout << "error:回撥函式為null name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
			}
		}
	}
}

當前實現了無參訊息分發、一個引數訊息分發、兩個引數訊息分發,後續有需求可以對照拓展即可

使用例子如下:

// EventTest.cpp : 定義控制檯應用程式的入口點。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "Message.h"
using namespace std;


void pint()
{
	cout << "a" << endl;
}

void pint2()
{
	cout << "b" << endl;
}

void test1(int a)
{
	cout<<"call test1 value = " << a << endl;
}
void test2(int b)
{
	cout << "call test2 value = " << b << endl;
}

void test3(int a, string str)
{
	cout << "a = " << a << ", str = " << str.c_str() << endl;
}

void test4(string str1, string str2)
{
	cout << "str1 = " << str1.c_str() << ", str2 = " << str2.c_str() << endl;
}

int main()
{
	Message::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", pint);
	Message::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", pint2);
	Message::GetInstance()->Dispatch("test");
	
	MessageI<int>::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", test1);
	MessageI<int>::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", test2);
	MessageI<int>::GetInstance()->Dispatch("test", 10);

	MessageII<int, string>::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", test3);
	MessageII<string, string>::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", test4);
	MessageII<int, string>::GetInstance()->Dispatch("test", 15, "HelloWorld");
	MessageII<string, string>::GetInstance()->Dispatch("test", "ko", "HelloWorld");

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

輸出: