本人經常寫sql server指令碼，有時需要行轉列，這裡做個筆記。

練習指令碼

-- 學生表
CREATE TABLE student (
  stuid VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
  stunm VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (stuid)
);

-- 課程表
CREATE TABLE courses (
  courseno VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  coursenm VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (courseno)
);

-- 成績表
CREATE TABLE score (
  stuid VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
  courseno VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  scores FLOAT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (stuid, courseno)
);

-- 插入資料

-- 學生表資料
Insert Into student (stuid, stunm) Values('1001', '張三');
Insert Into student (stuid, stunm) Values('1002', '李四');
Insert Into student (stuid, stunm) Values('1003', '趙二');
Insert Into student (stuid, stunm) Values('1004', '王五');
Insert Into student (stuid, stunm) Values('1005', '劉青');
Insert Into student (stuid, stunm) Values('1006', '周明');

-- 課程表資料
Insert Into courses (courseno, coursenm) Values('C001', '大學語文');
Insert Into courses (courseno, coursenm) Values('C002', '新視野英語');
Insert Into courses (courseno, coursenm) Values('C003', '離散數學');
Insert Into courses (courseno, coursenm) Values('C004', '概率論與數理統計');
Insert Into courses (courseno, coursenm) Values('C005', '線性代數');
Insert Into courses (courseno, coursenm) Values('C006', '高等數學(一)');
Insert Into courses (courseno, coursenm) Values('C007', '高等數學(二)');

-- 成績表資料
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1001', 'C001', 67);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1002', 'C001', 68);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1003', 'C001', 69);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1004', 'C001', 70);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1005', 'C001', 71);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1006', 'C001', 72);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1001', 'C002', 87);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1002', 'C002', 88);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1003', 'C002', 89);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1004', 'C002', 90);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1005', 'C002', 91);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1006', 'C002', 92);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1001', 'C003', 83);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1002', 'C003', 84);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1003', 'C003', 85);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1004', 'C003', 86);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1005', 'C003', 87);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1006', 'C003', 88);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1001', 'C004', 88);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1002', 'C004', 89);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1003', 'C004', 90);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1004', 'C004', 91);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1005', 'C004', 92);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1006', 'C004', 93);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1001', 'C005', 77);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1002', 'C005', 78);
Insert Into score(stuid, courseno, scores) Values('1003', 'C005', 79);

 

題目：查詢每個學生沒門課程的成績

-- 查詢資料
select st.stuid, st.stunm from student st 

select sc.stuid, sc.courseno, sc.scores from score sc 

select cs.courseno, cs.coursenm from courses cs 

-- 查詢每個學生沒門課程的成績
-- 方式一；拆分選擇
select 
  st.stunm '姓名' 
, sum(case cs.courseno when 'C001' then sc.scores end) '大學語文' 
, sum(case cs.courseno when 'C002' then sc.scores end) '新視野英語' 
, sum(case cs.courseno when 'C003' then sc.scores end) '離散數學' 
, sum(case cs.courseno when 'C004' then sc.scores end) '概率論與數理統計' 
, sum(case cs.courseno when 'C005' then sc.scores end) '線性代數' 
, sum(case cs.courseno when 'C006' then sc.scores end) '高等數學(一)' 
, sum(case cs.courseno when 'C007' then sc.scores end) '高等數學(二)' 
from score sc 
  inner join student st on st.stuid = sc.stuid 
  inner join courses cs on cs.courseno = sc.courseno 
group by st.stunm 

-- 方式二：使用pivot語法
select * 
from ( 
  select st.stunm, cs.coursenm, sc.scores 
  from score sc 
    inner join student st on st.stuid = sc.stuid 
    inner join courses cs on cs.courseno = sc.courseno ) a 
pivot ( 
  sum(scores) for coursenm 
  in(大學語文, 新視野英語, 離散數學, 概率論與數理統計, 線性代數, [高等數學(一)], [高等數學(二)]) 
) pvt 

-- 方式三：動態sql


 

結果圖示：

參考連結：