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Python集合set的用法

建立集合(括號中只能有一個引數):

>>> s = set('set')
>>> s
{'s', 't', 'e'}

>>> s = set(['set'])
>>> s
{'set'}

增加一個元素:

>>> s
{'set'}
>>> s.add('python')
>>> s
{'set', 'python'}

增加多個元素(求並集):

>>> s
{'set', 'python'}
>>> s.update('py')
>>> s
{'y', 'p', 'set', 'python'}
>>> s.update(['py','st'])
>>> s
{'y', 'p', 'py', 'st', 'python', 'set'}

刪除一個元素:

>>> s
{'y', 'p', 'py', 'st', 'python', 'set'}
>>> s.remove('st')
>>> s
{'y', 'p', 'py', 'python', 'set'}

求交集:

>>> a = set([1,2,3])
>>> b = set([2,3,4])
>>> a & b
{2, 3}

求並集:

>>> a | b
{1, 2, 3, 4}

求差集:

>>> a - b
{1}
>>> b - a
{4}

集合是無序的,也不能對其進行索引或切片:

>>> a[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#42>", line 1, in <module>
    a[0]
TypeError: 'set' object does not support indexing

>>> a[:]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#43>", line 1, in <module>
    a[:]
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable