第7章 使用者輸入和while迴圈

7-1 汽車租賃

編寫一個程式，詢問使用者要租賃什麼樣的汽車，並列印一條訊息，如“Let me see if I can find you a Subaru”。

car = input("What kind of car do you want to rent? ")
print("Let me see if I can find you a " + car.title() + ".")

7-2 餐館定位

編寫一個程式，詢問使用者有多少人用餐。如果超過8人，就列印一條訊息，指出沒有空桌；否則指出有空桌。

dining = int(input("Hello, how many people do you have? "
 
))

if dining > 8:
    print("I am very sorry, we don't have extra empty tables.")
else:
    print("We have extra empty tables, please come with me.")

7-3 10的整數倍

讓使用者輸入一個數字，並指出這個數字是否是10的整數倍。

number = int(input("Please enter the number: "))

if number % 10 == 0:
    print("The number you entered is an integer multiple of 10."
 
)
else:
    print("The number you entered is not an integer multiple of 10.")

7-4 比薩配料

編寫一個迴圈，提示使用者輸入一系列的比薩配料，並在使用者輸入’quit’ 時結束迴圈。每當使用者輸入一種配料後，都列印一條訊息，說我們會在比薩中新增這種配料。

prompt = "\nPlease enter the pizza ingredients you want to add. "
prompt += "\nIf you don't want to add ingredients, please type quit: "
 


while True:
    pizza = input(prompt)
    if pizza == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print("We will add " + pizza + " to the pizza.")

7-5 電影票

有家電影院根據觀眾的年齡收取不同的票價：不到3歲的觀眾免費；3~12歲的觀眾為10美元；超過12歲的觀眾為15美元。請編寫一個迴圈，在其中詢問使用者的年齡，並指出其票價。

ticket = int(input("Cinemas are based on age, please enter your age: "))

if ticket < 3:
    print("According to your age, the fare is free.")
elif (ticket >= 3 && ticket <= 12):
    print("According to your age, the fare is $10.")
elif ticket > 12:
    print("According to your age, the fare is $15.")

7-6 三個出口

以另一種方式完成練習7-4或練習7-5，在程式中採取如下所有做法。

• 在while 迴圈中使用條件測試來結束迴圈。
• 使用變數active 來控制迴圈結束的時機。
• 使用break 語句在使用者輸入’quit’ 時退出迴圈。

prompt = "\nPlease enter the pizza ingredients you want to add. "
prompt += "\nIf you don't want to add ingredients, please type quit: "

active = True

while active:
    pizza = input(prompt)
    if pizza == 'quit':
        active = False
    else:
        print("We will add " + pizza + " to the pizza.")

7-7 無限迴圈

編寫一個沒完沒了的迴圈，並執行它（要結束該迴圈，可按Ctrl +C，也可關閉顯示輸出的視窗）。

a = 1

while True:
    print(a)
    a += 1

7-8 熟食店

建立一個名為sandwich_orders 的列表，在其中包含各種三明治的名字；再建立一個名為finished_sandwiches 的空列表。遍歷列表sandwich_orders ，對於其中的每種三明治，都列印一條訊息，如I made your tuna sandwich ，並將其移到列表finished_sandwiches 。所有三明治都製作好後，列印一條訊息，將這些三明治列出來。

sandwich_orders = ['tuna', 'ham', 'bacon', 'chicken']
finished_sanwiches = []

for orders in sandwich_orders:
    print("I made your " + orders.title() + " sandwich.")
    finished_sanwiches.append(orders)

print("\nThe following sandwiches have been made: ")

for finished in finished_sanwiches:
    print("\t" + finished.title() + " sandwich")

7-9 五香菸薰牛肉（pastrami）賣完了

使用為完成練習7-8而建立的列表sandwich_orders ，並確保’pastrami’ 在其中至少出現了三次。在程式開頭附近新增這樣的程式碼：列印一條訊息，指出熟食店的五香菸薰牛肉賣完了；再使用一個while 迴圈將列表sandwich_orders 中的’pastrami’ 都刪除。確認最終的列表finished_sandwiches 中不包含’pastrami’ 。

sandwich_orders = ['tuna', 'ham', 'bacon', 'chicken', "pastrami", "pastrami", "pastrami"]
finished_sanwiches = []

print("Guests, the smoked beef in the store ha been sold out.\n")
while 'pastrami' in sandwich_orders:
    sandwich_orders.remove('pastrami')

for orders in sandwich_orders:
    print("I made your " + orders.title() + " sandwich.")
    finished_sanwiches.append(orders)

print("\nThe following sandwiches have been made: ")

for finished in finished_sanwiches:
    print("\t" + finished.title() + " sandwich")

7-10 夢想的度假勝地

編寫一個程式，調查使用者夢想的度假勝地。使用類似於“If you could visit one place in the world, where would you go?”的提示，並編寫一個列印調查結果的程式碼塊。

print("Welcome, this is a small program that investigates the user's dreams.")
print("We will draw a lottery based on the information left by the user and announce the results of the draw after 3 working days.")

name = input("Please enter your name: \n")

local = input("If you could visit one place in the world, where would you go?\n")

phone = input("Please leave your contact number: \n")

print("Here is the information you left behind: ")
print("Name: " + name + "\nLocal: " + local + "\nPhone: " + phone)
print("We have recorded the information you left and will announce the results of the draw after 3 working days.")
print("I wish you a happy life, bye bye")