1.Cobbler介紹

Cobbler是一個Linux伺服器安裝的服務，可以通過網路啟動(PXE)的方式來快速安裝、重灌物理伺服器和虛擬機器，同時還可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令列方式管理，也提供了基於Web的介面管理工具(cobbler-web)，還提供了API介面，可以方便二次開發使用。

Cobbler整合的服務：

PXE服務支援 DHCP服務管理 DNS服務管理(可選bind,dnsmasq) 電源管理 Kickstart服務支援 YUM倉庫管理 TFTP(PXE啟動時需要) Apache(提供kickstart的安裝源，並提供定製化的kickstart配置)

2.系統環境準備

    cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
    uname -r
	2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
	getenforce
	/etc/init.d/iptables status
	hostname -I
	10.0.0.7
#配置阿里雲的epel源
	wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
#關閉selinux
    setenforce 0
    sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g'
 
 /etc/selinux/config
    reboot
#關閉防火牆
	/etc/init.d/iptables stop

3.安裝cobbler以及相關軟體，cobbler配置

    yum install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd xinetd -y
   
#出現報錯
Error: Package: cobbler-web-2.6.11-7.git95749a6.el6.noarch (epel)Requires: Django >= 1.4

#解決辦法
    cd /usr/local/src/
    yum install
 
 python-simplejson -y
    wget https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org//packages/Django14/1.4.14/1.el6/noarch/Django14-1.4.14-1.el6.noarch.rpm
    rpm -ivh Django14-1.4.14-1.el6.noarch.rpm

#再次安裝
	yum install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd xinetd -y
#啟動
	/etc/init.d/httpd start
	/etc/init.d/cobblerd start
	cobbler check
#如有報錯，可以重啟cobbler，因為依賴包安裝先後順序，也有可能是selinux導致
	cobbler check
	
    The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
    
    1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
    2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
    3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
    4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
    5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
    6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
    7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
    
    Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

#第1步+第2步
    vim /etc/cobbler/settings
    server: 10.0.0.7
    next_server: 10.0.0.7
    manage_dhcp: 1
##快速更改命令
    sed -i 's#server: 127.0.0.1#server: 10.0.0.7#g' /etc/cobbler/settings
    sed -i 's#next_server: 127.0.0.1#next_server: 10.0.0.7#g' /etc/cobbler/settings
    sed -i 's#manage_dhcp: 0#manage_dhcp: 1#g' /etc/cobbler/settings

#第3步
    cobbler get-loaders
    
#第4步
    vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
            disable = no
##快速更改命令
    sed -i 's/disable.*yes$/disable = no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
#重啟xinetd
    /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
    
    vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
            disable                 = yes
##快速更改命令
    sed -i 's/disable.*yes$/disable                 = no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    
    \cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
    cat >> /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf <<EOF
    subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
      range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;
      option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
      next-server 10.0.0.7;
      filename "pxelinux.0";
    }
    EOF
#重啟dhcp
    /etc/init.d/dhcpd start
    
#第6步
    [[email protected] src]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'zhou' '123456'
    $1$zhou$WwY0CcOpokzB5nsQz4A9D0
    vim /etc/cobbler/settings
    default_password_crypted: "$1$zhou$WwY0CcOpokzB5nsQz4A9D0"
##快速更改命令    
    sed -i 's/^default_password_crypted.*\"$/default_password_crypted: "$1$zhou$WwY0CcOpokzB5nsQz4A9D0"/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
##選做第5步，第7步
	yum install -y debmirror yum-utils fence-agents
	
####################cobbler管理dhcp####################

    vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template 
#修改這部分，其餘預設
    subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
         option routers             10.0.0.2;
         option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.2;
         option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
         range dynamic-bootp        10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;
#修改完成後，執行
    cobbler sync
#cobbler日誌
    cd /var/log/cobbler
    
#匯入檔案
    mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
    cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7.5-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
#匯入檔案存放位置
    cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
    CentOS-7.5-x86-64-x86-64/ config/
    
#KS檔案存放位置
	vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.5-x86_64.cfg
    #Kickstart
    #platform=x86,AMD64,or Intel EM64T
    #System language
    lang en_US
    #System keyboard
    keyboard us
    #System timezone
    timezone Asia/Shanghai
    #Root password
    rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
    #Use text mode install
    text
    #Install OS instead of upgrade
    install
    #Use NFS installation Media
    url --url=$tree
    #url --url=http://192.168.56.11/CentOS-7.1-x86_64
    #System bootloader configuration
    bootloader --location=mbr
    #Clear the Master Boot Record
    zerombr
    #Partition clearing information
    clearpart --all --initlabel
    #Disk partitioning information
    part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 --ondisk sda
    part swap --size 16384 --ondisk sda
    part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda
    #System authorization information
    auth --useshadow --enablemd5
    #Network information
    $SNIPPET('network_config')
    #network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
    # Reboot after installation
    reboot
    #Firewall configuration
    firewall --disabled
    #SELinux configuration
    selinux --disabled
    #Do not configure XWindows
    skipx
    
    %pre
    $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
    $SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
    $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
    # Enable installation monitoring
    $SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
    %end
    
    #Package install information
    %packages
    @ base
    @ core
    tree
    sysstat
    iptraf
    ntp
    lrzsz
    ncurses-devel
    openssl-devel
    zlib-devel
    OpenIPMI-tools
    mysql
    nmap
    screen
    %end
    
    %post
    systemctl disable postfix.service
    %end

#檢視編輯cobbler配置檔案幫助

    cobbler profile edit --help
#指定ks檔案讀取位置
    cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.5-x86_64.cfg
#將centos7.x版本的網絡卡名稱標準化為eth0
    cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.5-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
#檢查
    cobbler report
#cobbler 重新整理
    cobbler sync
#這裡可以新建虛擬機器，開機後會有選擇框，選擇CentOS-7.5-x86_64後即將自動安裝，記住新建虛擬機器記憶體2G，不然報錯

#通過mac地址指定IP直接安裝,不用去手動選擇
    cobbler system add --name=test01 --mac=00:50:56:31:FA:8E --profile=CentOS-7.5-x86_64 --ip-address=10.0.0.111 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=10.0.0.2 --interface=eth0 --static=1 --hostname=zon01 --name-servers="223.5.5.5"
    
#cobbler web生產檔案位置
    vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/cobbler_web.conf
    https://10.0.0.7/cobbler_web
    cd /etc/cobbler/