python讀寫excel的相關操作(xlrd、xlwt)
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-18
筆者小白在最近的qq記錄分析的任務中需要用到對excel的操作，在這裡做一個總結。
這裡需要指出的是這篇文章總結了
如何利用xlwt新建一個excel檔案，如何利用xlrd只讀一個excel檔案。
在文章的末尾總結了如何讀取一個已經存在的execel檔案，然後再進行修改的方法。
一、讀excel表
讀excel要用到xlrd模組，官網參考 http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd
安裝方法：pip install xlrd
然後就可以跟著裡面的例子稍微試一下就知道怎麼用了。大概的流程是這樣的：
1、匯入模組
import xlrd
2、開啟Excel檔案讀取資料
data = xlrd.open_workbook('excel.xls')
3、獲取一個工作表
table = data.sheets()[0] #通過索引順序獲取
table = data.sheet_by_index(0) #通過索引順序獲取
table = data.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1') #通過名稱獲取
4、獲取整行和整列的值（返回陣列）
table.row_values(i)
table.col_values(i)
5、獲取行數和列數
table.nrows
table.ncols
6、獲取單元格
table.cell(0,0).value table.cell(2,3).value
二、寫excel表
寫excel表要用到xlwt模組，官網參考 http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt
安裝方法：pip install xlwt
大致使用流程如下：
1、匯入模組
import xlwt
2、建立workbook（其實就是excel，後來儲存一下就行）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')
3、建立表
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
4、往單元格內寫入內容
worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Row 0, Column 0 Value')
5、儲存
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
三、寫excel表的格式設定
設定單元格寬度:
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0,'My Cell Contents')
# 設定單元格寬度
worksheet.col(0).width = 3333
workbook.save('cell_width.xls')
輸入一個日期到單元格:
import xlwt
import datetime
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.num_format_str = 'M/D/YY' # Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss, M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.0
worksheet.write(0, 0, datetime.datetime.now(), style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
向單元格新增一個公式
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, 5) # Outputs 5
worksheet.write(0, 1, 2) # Outputs 2
worksheet.write(1, 0, xlwt.Formula('A1*B1')) # Should output "10" (A1[5] * A2[2])
worksheet.write(1, 1, xlwt.Formula('SUM(A1,B1)')) # Should output "7" (A1[5] + A2[2])
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
向單元格新增一個超連結:
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("http://www.google.com";"Google")')) # Outputs the text "Google" linking to http://www.google.com
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
合併列和行:
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 3, 'First Merge') # Merges row 0's columns 0 through 3.
font = xlwt.Font() # Create Font
font.bold = True # Set font to Bold
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.font = font # Add Bold Font to Style
worksheet.write_merge(1, 2, 0, 3, 'Second Merge', style) # Merges row 1 through 2's columns 0 through 3.
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
設定單元格內容的對齊方式:
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
alignment = xlwt.Alignment() # Create Alignment
alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER # May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED
alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER # May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.alignment = alignment # Add Alignment to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
為單元格議新增邊框:
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders
borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
DASHED虛線
NO_LINE沒有
THIN實線
# May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.
borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.top = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.left_colour = 0x40
borders.right_colour = 0x40
borders.top_colour = 0x40
borders.bottom_colour = 0x40
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
為單元格設定背景色:
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
pattern = xlwt.Pattern() # Create the Pattern
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN # May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12
pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 # May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Pattern
style.pattern = pattern # Add Pattern to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
四、修改已經存在的excel表
1、使用xlutils.copy
首先，將需要更改的excel檔案開啟，用xlutils包的copy將excel檔案物件拷貝一份，然後進行修改操作
具體程式碼實現：
import xlrd
import xlwt
from xlutils.copy import copy
# 開啟想要更改的excel檔案
old_excel = xlrd.open_workbook('fileName.xls', formatting_info=True)
# 將操作檔案物件拷貝，變成可寫的workbook物件
new_excel = copy(old_excel)
# 獲得第一個sheet的物件
ws = new_excel.get_sheet(0)
# 新建一個sheet的物件
# ws = new_excel.add_sheet('Sheet1')
# 寫入資料
ws.write(0, 0, '第一行，第一列')
ws.write(0, 1, '第一行，第二列')
ws.write(0, 2, '第一行，第三列')
ws.write(1, 0, '第二行，第一列')
ws.write(1, 1, '第二行，第二列')
ws.write(1, 2, '第二行，第三列')
# 另存為excel檔案，並將檔案命名
new_excel.save('new_fileName.xls')
2、使用openpyxl庫
import openpyxl
wb=openpyxl.load_workbook(r'ex.xlsx')
# 獲取一個存在的sheet
# ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1') #通過表名獲取
# 獲取一個存在的sheet
# sheet_names = wb.get_sheet_names()
# ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheet_names[index]) # 通過index的數值獲取表
# 新建一個sheet的物件
ws = wb.create_sheet(title='Sheet1',index=0)
#獲取行數和列數：
rows = ws.max_row #獲取行數
cols = ws.max_column #獲取列數
# 寫入資料
ws.cell(row = rows + 1,column = cols + 1).value = '新增的內容'
# 寫入資料
# 資料表基本資訊
# tableValues = [['張學友', 15201062100, 18, '測試資料！'], ['李雷', 15201062598, 19, '測試資料！'],['Marry', 15201062191, 28, '測試資料！']]
# for row in range(len(tableValues)):
# ws.append(tableValues[row])
# 儲存檔案
wb.save(r'ex.xlsx')