1. 程式人生 > >Python中單執行緒、多執行緒和多程序的效率對比實驗

Python中單執行緒、多執行緒和多程序的效率對比實驗

Python是執行在直譯器中的語言,查詢資料知道,python中有一個全域性鎖(GIL),在使用多程序(Thread)的情況下,不能發揮多核的優勢。而使用多程序(Multiprocess),則可以發揮多核的優勢真正地提高效率。

對比實驗

資料顯示,如果多執行緒的程序是CPU密集型的,那多執行緒並不能有多少效率上的提升,相反還可能會因為執行緒的頻繁切換,導致效率下降,推薦使用多程序;如果是IO密集型,多執行緒程序可以利用IO阻塞等待時的空閒時間執行其他執行緒,提升效率。所以我們根據實驗對比不同場景的效率

作業系統 CPU 記憶體 硬碟
Windows 10 雙核 8GB 機械硬碟
(1)引入所需要的模組

 

   
1 2 3 4 import requests import time
from threading import Thread from multiprocessing import Process

 

(2)定義CPU密集的計算函式

 

          Python
 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 def count(x, y):     # 使程式完成150萬計算     c = 0     while c < 500000:         c += 1         x += x         y += y

 

(3)定義IO密集的檔案讀寫函式

 

   
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 def write():     f = open("test.txt", "w")     for x in range(5000000):         f.write("testwrite\n")     f.close()   def read():     f = open("test.txt", "r")     lines = f.readlines()     f.close()

 

(4) 定義網路請求函式

 

   
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 _head = {             'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36'} url = "http://www.tieba.com" def http_request():     try:         webPage = requests.get(url, headers=_head)         html = webPage.text         return {"context": html}     except Exception as e:         return {"error": e}

 

(5)測試線性執行IO密集操作、CPU密集操作所需時間、網路請求密集型操作所需時間

 

   
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 # CPU密集操作 t = time.time() for x in range(10):     count(1, 1) print("Line cpu", time.time() - t)   # IO密集操作 t = time.time() for x in range(10):     write()     read() print("Line IO", time.time() - t)   # 網路請求密集型操作 t = time.time() for x in range(10):     http_request() print("Line Http Request", time.time() - t)

 

輸出

  • CPU密集:95.6059999466、91.57099986076355 92.52800011634827、 99.96799993515015
  • IO密集:24.25、21.76699995994568、21.769999980926514、22.060999870300293
  • 網路請求密集型: 4.519999980926514、8.563999891281128、4.371000051498413、4.522000074386597、14.671000003814697
(6)測試多執行緒併發執行CPU密集操作所需時間

 

          Python  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 counts = [] t = time.time() for x in range(10):     thread = Thread(target=count, args=(1,1))     counts.append(thread)     thread.start()   e = counts.__len__() while True:     for th in counts:         if not th.is_alive():             e -= 1     if e <= 0:         break print(time.time() - t)

 

Output: 99.9240000248 、101.26400017738342、102.32200002670288

(7)測試多執行緒併發執行IO密集操作所需時間

 

          Python  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 def io():     write()     read()   t = time.time() ios = [] t = time.time() for x in range(10):     thread = Thread(target=count, args=(1,1))     ios.append(thread)     thread.start()   e = ios.__len__() while True:     for th in ios:         if not th.is_alive():             e -= 1     if e <= 0:         break print(time.time() - t)

 

Output: 25.69700002670288、24.02400016784668

(8)測試多執行緒併發執行網路密集操作所需時間

 

          Python  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 t = time.time() ios = [] t = time.time() for x in range(10):     thread = Thread(target=http_request)     ios.append(thread)     thread.start()   e = ios.__len__() while True:     for th in ios:         if not th.is_alive():             e -= 1     if e <= 0:         break print("Thread Http Request", time.time() - t)

 

Output: 0.7419998645782471、0.3839998245239258、0.3900001049041748

(9)測試多程序併發執行CPU密集操作所需時間

 

          Python  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 counts = [] t = time.time() for x in range(10):     process = Process(target=count, args=(1,1))     counts.append(process)     process.start() e = counts.__len__() while True:     for th in counts:         if not th.is_alive():             e -= 1     if e <= 0:         break print("Multiprocess cpu", time.time() - t)