1. 程式人生 > >nginx+uWSGI+django+virtualenv+supervisor部署釋出web專案

nginx+uWSGI+django+virtualenv+supervisor部署釋出web專案

 Nginx (engine x) 是一個高效能的HTTP和反向代理服務,也是一個IMAP/POP3/SMTP服務。

wsgi是PythonWeb伺服器閘道器介面(Web Server Gateway Interface),WSGI是作為Web伺服器與Web應用程式或應用框架之間的一種低級別的介面,以提升可移植Web應用開發的共同點。WSGI是基於現存的[[CGI]]標準而設計的。

Django是一個開放原始碼的Web應用框架,由Python寫成。

Virtualenv指的的Python的虛擬環境

supervisor管理程序,是通過fork/exec的方式將這些被管理的程序當作supervisor的子程序來啟動,所以我們只需要將要管理程序的可執行檔案的路徑新增到supervisor的配置檔案中就好了。此時被管理程序被視為supervisor的子程序,若該子程序異常中斷,則父程序可以準確的獲取子程序異常中斷的資訊,通過在配置檔案中設定autostart=ture,可以實現對異常中斷的子程序的自動重啟。

整個請求和響應流程如下:

 一、Python環境的準備

說明,系統為centos 7.3

1 安裝python3

安裝python 3.4和對應版本的pip 

[[email protected] ~]# yum install  python34.x86_64   python34-pip.noarch -y

2 安裝虛擬環境

[[email protected] ~]# pip3 install virtualenv

(1)建立虛擬目錄

[[email protected] ~]# virtualenv  django

(2)進入虛擬目錄

[[email protected]
~]# cd django/

(3)啟用虛擬環境

[[email protected] django]# source bin/activate

可以看到目錄地下有預設的幾個資料夾

(django) [[email protected] django]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 330 Nov  5 15:00 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  24 Nov  5 14:55 include
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  23 Nov  5 14:55 lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  16
Nov 5 14:55 lib64 -> /root/django/lib

 二、Django的安裝與專案建立以及配置

1 安裝Django,這裡使用1.11版本

(django) [[email protected] django]# pip3 install django==1.11
Collecting django==1.11
  ……………
Installing collected packages: pytz, django
Successfully installed django-1.11 pytz-2018.7

2 建立專案和應用

(1)建立名為mysite的專案

 (django) [[email protected] django]# django-admin startproject mysite

(2)建立名為app01的應用

(django) [[email protected] django]# cd mysite/
(django) [[email protected] mysite]#python3  manage.py  startapp  app01

(3)可以看到mysite專案下有如下目錄

(django) [[email protected] mysite]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 123 Nov  5 15:07 app01
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 804 Nov  5 15:04 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  93 Nov  5 15:07 mysite

 3 修改預設配置檔案

(1)修改Django配置檔案mysite/settings.py

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

註冊app01
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'app01.apps.App01Config',
....
]

靜態檔案目錄
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS=[
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),
]

(2)修改路由匹配規則mysite/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^index/', views.index),
]

(3)新建功能,修改app01/views.py

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

def index(request):
    return HttpResponse('Hello World!')

 4 啟動Django

(django) [[email protected] mysite]# python3 manage.py  runserver
Performing system checks...
…….
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

測試訪問

[[email protected] ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
Hello World!

 三、uwsgi的安裝與配置

1 由於使用pip3 install uwsgi 安裝會報我不能解決的錯誤

在ubuntu上不會有這個錯誤

Command "/usr/bin/python3.4 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;
__file__='/tmp/pip-install-k0ebn5sl/uwsgi/setup.py';
f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);
code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');
f.close();
exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" \
install --record /tmp/pip-record-eekd779j/install-record.txt \
--single-version-externally-managed \
--compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-k0ebn5sl/uwsgi/

故採用以下安裝方式(僅限centos):

[[email protected] ~]# yum install uwsgi

檢視版本

[[email protected] ~]# uwsgi --version
2.0.17.1

2 安裝uwsgi-plugin-python3

注:外掛 Ubuntu不需要此步驟

[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y uwsgi-plugin-python34.x86_64

為解決啟動報錯:

!!! UNABLE to load uWSGI plugin: /usr/lib64/uwsgi/python_plugin.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory !!!

[[email protected] ~]# ln -sv /usr/lib64/uwsgi/python34_plugin.so /usr/lib64/uwsgi/python_plugin.so

3 啟動uwsgi

(django) [[email protected] mysite]# uwsgi --http-socket :8888 --plugin python --wsgi-file ./test.py

Ubuntu下:uwsgi --http :88888 --wsgi-file test.py

4 測試

[[email protected] ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/index/
This is uwsgi test

test.py檔案內容如下:

def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return [b"This is uwsgi test"]

5 報錯解決

(1)invalid request block size: 21573 (max 4096)...skip

buffer-size = 65536

(2)-- unavailable modifier requested: 0 --

-- unavailable modifier requested: 0 –

plugins = python #指定外掛

 四、Django與uwsgi的結合

1 熱啟動Django

(1)uWsgi熱載入python程式(僅做測試使用)

(django) [[email protected] mysite]# uwsgi --http-socket  :8000 --plugin python  --module  mysite.wsgi  --py-autoreload=1

按下Ctrl +C 可終止程序

(2)啟動Django

(django) [[email protected] mysite]# uwsgi --http-socket  :8000 --plugin python  --module mysite.wsgi

 2   在/etc/目錄下新建uwsgi_nginx.ini

uwsgi支援ini、xml等多種配置方式,本文以 ini 為例,新增如下配置

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/uwsgi_nginx.ini
[uwsgi]
# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)  #Django專案的目錄
chdir           = /root/django/mysite
# Django's wsgi file
module          = mysite.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)  #虛擬目錄的路徑
home            = /root/django
# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes  #啟動程序數,處理器個數
processes       = 1
# threads = 4                 #執行緒個數
# the socket (use the full path to be safe  #指定套接字
socket          = 0.0.0.0:8000
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed #許可權設定,要是提示許可權不夠,可以改為666
# chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit #退出時清除環境
vacuum          = true
#指定外掛,不然會報錯:-- unavailable modifier requested: 0 --
plugins = python

3 指定配置檔案並啟動uwsgi

[[email protected] ~]# uwsgi --ini  /etc/uwsgi_nginx.ini

五、 配置nginx結合uWSGI

1 安裝Nginx

[[email protected] ~]# yum install nginx –y

2 新建Nginx配置檔案

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/djang.conf

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  192.168.15.128; #指定本機ip或者配置你的域名
    location / {
              include  /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
              uwsgi_pass 0.0.0.0:8000;

              }
    location /static {  #配置靜態檔案目錄
              alias /root/django/mysite/static;
              }
    location /media {
              alias /root/django/mysite/media;
              }
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   html;
    }
}

3 啟動nginx

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start nginx

此時以及可以測試訪問了

[[email protected] ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1/index/
Hello World!

用瀏覽器測試如下

 

六、nginx結合supervisor

1 安裝supervisor

[[email protected] ~]# yum install python34-setuptools.noarch
[[email protected] ~]# yum install  supervisor

2 生成配置檔案

通過命令生成supervisor的配支檔案

[[email protected] ~]# echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf

3 編輯配置檔案/etc/supervisord.conf

再最後新增如下內容:

[program:mysite]
command= /usr/sbin/uwsgi --uwsgi-socket 0.0.0.0:8000 --plugin python\
--chdir /root/django/mysite --home=/root/django --module mysite.wsgi
directory=/root/django/mysite
startsecs=0
stopwaitsecs=0
autostart=true
autorestart=true

說明:

# [program:mysite] 指定程式名稱# /usr/sbin/uwsgi 指定uwsgi的位置,#--chdir /root/django/mysite 指定專案路徑# --home=/root/django 指定尋虛擬目錄

4 啟動supervisor

最後啟動supervisor,完成uWSGI啟動django,nginx反向代理

[[email protected] ~]#  supervisord  -c /etc/supervisord.conf

此時配置完成!!至此,所有配置均已完成

操作說明:

supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf [start|stop|restart] [program-name|all]

(1)啟動mysite程式

supervisorctl -c /etxc/supervisord.conf  start  mysite

(2)重啟mysite程式

supervisorctl  -c  /etc/supervisord.conf  restart   mysite

(3)停止mysite程式

supervisorctl  -c  /etc/supervisord.conf  stop  mysite

(4)更新新的配置到supervisord   

supervisorctl  update

(5)重新啟動配置中的所有程式

supervisorctl reload

參考:

https://www.cnblogs.com/pyyu/p/9481344.html https://uwsgi-docs-zh.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/tutorials/Django_and_nginx.htmlhttps://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/Django_and_nginx.html