Stty and rlwrap on Linux
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-23
退格鍵
在Linux環境下，使用SQL*Plus時有時會出現退格鍵不好使用的情況。此時，可以一般可用使用stty命令來解決。
stty(set tty，設定tty)命令用於檢查和修改當前註冊的終端的通訊引數。UNIX系統為鍵盤的輸入和終端的輸出提供了重要的控制手段，可以通過stty命令對特定終端或通訊線路設定選項。該命令可以改變並列印終端行設定。
看這個命令的幫助：
[[email protected] ~]$ stty --help
Usage: stty [-F DEVICE] [--file=DEVICE] [SETTING]...
or: stty [-F DEVICE] [--file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
or: stty [-F DEVICE] [--file=DEVICE] [-g|--save]
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
Special settings:
N set the input and output speeds to N bauds
* cols N tell the kernel that the terminal has N columns
* columns N same as cols N
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
……
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
Report bugs to <[email protected] 與退格鍵相關的設定是erase，它表示刪除最後一個字元。
$stty erase ^H
說明：按下退格鍵會顯示成^H。 如果在當前視窗執行的話，只對當前的視窗有效，下次登陸的時候還需要重新設定，可以把這個命令寫入shell 的配置檔案，如~/.bashrc 中，這樣每次都能生效了。
方向鍵
Windows下使用方向鍵是沒有問題的，但是在Linux下，方向鍵是使用不了。此時可以安裝一下rlwrap工具。
SQL> ^[[A ----[按方向鍵會顯示異常]
rlwrap本身是個遵循GPL 標準的Shell 指令碼，可以執行任何你提供給它的命令包括引數，並新增命令歷史瀏覽功能。
1) 關於rlwrap
[[email protected] ~]# yum info rlwrap Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Determining fastest mirrors base | 1.3 kB 00:00 extras | 1.3 kB 00:00 Installed Packages Name : rlwrap Arch : x86_64 Version : 0.37 Release : 1.el6 Size : 196 k Repo : installed From repo : extras Summary : Wrapper for GNU readline URL : http://utopia.knoware.nl/~hlub/rlwrap/ License : GPLv2+ Description : rlwrap is a 'readline wrapper' that uses the GNU readline library to : allow the editing of keyboard input for any other command. Input : history is remembered across invocations, separately for each command; : history completion and search work as in bash and completion word : lists can be specified on the command line.
2) 安裝rlwrap
[[email protected] soft]# yum install -y rlwrap
3) 測試
[[email protected] ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jun 27 17:42:50 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL> select * from v$version; --[按方向鍵可用正常輸入]
現在就可以上下翻動了。
4) 設定別名
但是這樣沒事都需要加上rlwrap 也是很麻煩的，可以對rlwrap 做一個別名，放到shell 的配置檔案裡，在~/.bashrc 檔案裡新增如下內容：
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
5) 讓引數生效
[[email protected] ~]$ source ~/.bashrc
6) 測試
[[email protected] ~]$ type sqlplus
sqlplus is aliased to `rlwrap sqlplus'
[[email protected] ~]$ $ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jun 27 17:42:50 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL> select * from v$version; --[按方向鍵可用正常輸入]
其他一些組合鍵：
Ctrl+A：ahead，到行的頂端，相當於 Home
Ctrl+E：end，到行的末端，相當於end
Ctrl+B：behind，後退一個字元，相當於left
Ctrl+F：forward，前進一個子放入，相當於right
Ctrl+P：prev.，上一行歷史記錄，相當於up
Ctrl+N：next.，下一行歷史記錄，相當於down
Ctrl+U：undo，回覆操作，這行就被清空掉了
Ctrl+W：剪下
Ctrl+Y：貼上
Ctrl+L：cLear，清屏