老師給的題目：

程式碼實現【兩種演算法合在一個檔案裡】： 

from numpy import *

def createDataSet():
    dataSet = [[1, 1, 1, 0, 'no'],
               [1, 1, 1, 1, 'no'],
               [0, 1, 1, 0, 'yes'],
               [-1, 0, 1, 0, 'yes'],
               [-1,-1,0,0,'yes'],
               [-1,-1,0,1,'no'],
               [0,-1,0,1,'yes'],
               [1,0,1,0,'no'],
               [1,-1,0,0,'yes'],
               [-1,0,0,0,'yes'],
               [1,0,0,1,'yes'],
               [0,0,1,1,'yes'],
               [0,1,0,0,'yes'],
               [-1,0,1,1,'no']]
    labels = ['weather','temperature','humidity','wind speed','activity']
    return dataSet, labels

#計算資料集的entropy
def calcEntropy(dataSet):
    totalNum = len(dataSet)
    labelNum = {}
    entropy = 0
    for data in dataSet:
        label = data[-1]
        if label in labelNum:
            labelNum[label] += 1
        else:
            labelNum[label] = 1

    for key in labelNum:
        p = labelNum[key] / totalNum
        entropy -= p * log2(p)
    return entropy

def calcEntropyForFeature(featureList):
    totalNum = len(featureList)
    dataNum = {}
    entropy = 0
    for data in featureList:
        if data in dataNum:
            dataNum[data] += 1
        else:
            dataNum[data] = 1

    for key in dataNum:
        p = dataNum[key] / totalNum
        entropy -= p * log2(p)
    return entropy

#選擇最優劃分屬性ID3
def chooseBestFeatureID3(dataSet, labels):
    bestFeature = 0
    initialEntropy = calcEntropy(dataSet)
    biggestEntropyG = 0
    for i in range(len(labels)):
        currentEntropy = 0
        feature = [data[i] for data in dataSet]
        subSet = splitDataSetByFeature(i, dataSet)
        totalN = len(feature)
        for key in subSet:
            prob = len(subSet[key]) / totalN
            currentEntropy += prob * calcEntropy(subSet[key])
        entropyGain = initialEntropy - currentEntropy
        if(biggestEntropyG < entropyGain):
            biggestEntropyG = entropyGain
            bestFeature = i
    return bestFeature

#選擇最優劃分屬性C4.5
def chooseBestFeatureC45(dataSet, labels):
    bestFeature = 0
    initialEntropy = calcEntropy(dataSet)
    biggestEntropyGR = 0
    for i in range(len(labels)):
        currentEntropy = 0
        feature = [data[i] for data in dataSet]
        entropyFeature = calcEntropyForFeature(feature)
        subSet = splitDataSetByFeature(i, dataSet)
        totalN = len(feature)
        for key in subSet:
            prob = len(subSet[key]) / totalN
            currentEntropy += prob * calcEntropy(subSet[key])
        entropyGain = initialEntropy - currentEntropy
        entropyGainRatio = entropyGain / entropyFeature

        if(biggestEntropyGR < entropyGainRatio):
            biggestEntropyGR = entropyGainRatio
            bestFeature = i
    return bestFeature

def splitDataSetByFeature(i, dataSet):
    subSet = {}
    feature = [data[i] for data in dataSet]
    for j in range(len(feature)):
        if feature[j] not in subSet:
            subSet[feature[j]] = []

        splittedDataSet = dataSet[j][:i]
        splittedDataSet.extend(dataSet[j][i + 1:])
        subSet[feature[j]].append(splittedDataSet)
    return subSet

def checkIsOneCateg(newDataSet):
    flag = False
    categoryList = [data[-1] for data in newDataSet]
    category = set(categoryList)
    if(len(category) == 1):
        flag = True
    return flag

def majorityCateg(newDataSet):
    categCount = {}
    categList = [data[-1] for data in newDataSet]
    for c in categList:
        if c not in categCount:
            categCount[c] = 1
        else:
            categCount[c] += 1
    sortedCateg = sorted(categCount.items(), key = lambda x:x[1], reverse = True)

    return sortedCateg[0][0]

#建立ID3樹
def createDecisionTreeID3(decisionTree, dataSet, tmplabels):
    labels=[]
    for tmp in tmplabels:
        labels.append(tmp)
    bestFeature = chooseBestFeatureID3(dataSet, labels)
    decisionTree[labels[bestFeature]] = {}
    currentLabel = labels[bestFeature]
    subSet = splitDataSetByFeature(bestFeature, dataSet)
    del(labels[bestFeature])
    newLabels = labels[:]
    for key in subSet:
        newDataSet = subSet[key]
        flag = checkIsOneCateg(newDataSet)
        if(flag == True):
            decisionTree[currentLabel][key] = newDataSet[0][-1]
        else:
            if (len(newDataSet[0]) == 1): #無特徵值可劃分
                decisionTree[currentLabel][key] = majorityCateg(newDataSet)
            else:
                decisionTree[currentLabel][key] = {}
                createDecisionTreeID3(decisionTree[currentLabel][key], newDataSet, newLabels)

# 建立C4.5樹
def createDecisionTreeC45(decisionTree, dataSet, tmplabels):
    labels=[]
    for tmp in tmplabels:
        labels.append(tmp)
    bestFeature = chooseBestFeatureC45(dataSet, labels)
    decisionTree[labels[bestFeature]] = {}
    currentLabel = labels[bestFeature]
    subSet = splitDataSetByFeature(bestFeature, dataSet)
    del (labels[bestFeature])
    newLabels = labels[:]
    for key in subSet:
        newDataSet = subSet[key]
        flag = checkIsOneCateg(newDataSet)
        if (flag == True):
            decisionTree[currentLabel][key] = newDataSet[0][-1]
        else:
            if (len(newDataSet[0]) == 1):  # 無特徵值可劃分
                decisionTree[currentLabel][key] = majorityCateg(newDataSet)
            else:
                decisionTree[currentLabel][key] = {}
                createDecisionTreeC45(decisionTree[currentLabel][key], newDataSet, newLabels)


#測試資料分類
def classify(inputTree, featLabels, testVec):
    firstStr = list(inputTree.keys())#得到節點所代表的屬性eg：'flippers'
    firstStr = firstStr[0]
    secondDict = inputTree[firstStr]#得到該節點的子節點，是一個dict，eg：{0: 'no', 1: {'flippers': {0: 'no', 1: 'yes'}}}
    featIndex = featLabels.index(firstStr)#得到firstStr在所給的featLabels（屬性）中的位置，以便將testVec中的值與相應的屬性對應
    for key in secondDict.keys():#將testVec中的值放入決策樹中進行判斷
        if testVec[featIndex] == key:
            if type(secondDict[key]).__name__=='dict':#如果還有子節點則繼續判斷
                classLabel = classify(secondDict[key],featLabels,testVec)
            else: classLabel = secondDict[key]#否則返回該節點的值
    return classLabel

if __name__ == '__main__':
    dataSetID3, labelsID3 = createDataSet()
    testData1 = [1, 1, 1, 0]
    testData2 = [1,-1,0,0]
    bestFeatureID3 = chooseBestFeatureID3(dataSetID3, labelsID3)
    decisionTreeID3 = {}
    createDecisionTreeID3(decisionTreeID3, dataSetID3, labelsID3)
    print("ID3 decision tree: ", decisionTreeID3)
    # category1ID3 = classifyTestData(decisionTreeID3, testData1)
    # print(testData1 , ", classified as by ID3: " , category1ID3)
    # category2ID3 = classifyTestData(decisionTreeID3, testData2)
    # print(testData2 , ", classified as by ID3: " , category2ID3)

    for tmp in dataSetID3:
        category = classify(decisionTreeID3,labelsID3,tmp[0:4])
        print(tmp[0:4], ", classified as by ID3: " , category)

    dataSetC45, labelsC45 = createDataSet()
    bestFeatureC45 = chooseBestFeatureC45(dataSetC45, labelsC45)
    decisionTreeC45 = {}
    createDecisionTreeC45(decisionTreeC45, dataSetC45, labelsC45)
    print("C4.5 decision tree: ", decisionTreeC45)
    # category1C45 = classifyTestData(decisionTreeC45, testData1)
    # print(testData1 , ", classified as by C4.5: " , category1C45)
    # category2C45 = classifyTestData(decisionTreeC45, testData2)
    # print(testData2 , ", classified as by C4.5: " , category2C45)

    for tmp in dataSetC45:
        category = classify(decisionTreeC45,labelsC45,tmp[0:4])
        print(tmp[0:4], ", classified as by C4.5: " , category)