如何實現Docker映象和容器例項的備份遷移
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-26
題記
大家在使用Docker都會從容器倉庫下載映象，不過這個過程可能依據網路頻寬而定，那麼如果將一個已經下載好的映象遷移到另外一個環境中，或者說如何實現Docker容器的備份恢復，或者遷移，接下來我們一塊探討一下。
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大家都知道，Docker的檔案系統是AUFS，所以我們的映象有可能是從N個映象基礎上進行Commit一個新的，所以不可能獲得docker映象的物理檔案進行遷移，好在docker也給大家提供了相關命令實現備份操作。
目標
從源容器環境 192.168.14.1 中將google/cadvisor映象遷移到192.168.13.120裡面
1、檢視192.168.14.1環境的映象列表
[email protected]:~# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu_desktop_v1 latest 3b97d2c886e0 4 days ago 971.3 MB ubuntu_desktop latest 8421b0d33543 7 days ago 946.8 MB spark-master latest 4cf819691dca 7 days ago 266.3 MB spark-base-2 latest df1c40938e7f 9 days ago 266.3 MB spark-base-1 latest c091a4c160b7 9 days ago 266.3 MB spark-base-0 latest 6c41bd72fccd 9 days ago 266.3 MB spark-base latest 54c3c018a5e0 9 days ago 261.1 MB ubuntu base-spark a2101fbeeaac 11 days ago 261.1 MB deploy_mysql latest 8f70bd4222b1 2 weeks ago 324.7 MB deploy_ui latest 3d35eaace8bf 2 weeks ago 765.3 MB deploy_log latest 7f9db19786b2 2 weeks ago 188 MB 192.168.14.1:5008/ubuntu-local2 14.04 b72889fa879c 2 weeks ago 188 MB localhost:5008/ubuntu-local 14.04 b72889fa879c 2 weeks ago 188 MB ubuntu 14.04 b72889fa879c 2 weeks ago 188 MB ubuntu latest b72889fa879c 2 weeks ago 188 MB registry 2 88ecdbb5a908 2 weeks ago 171.1 MB swarm latest 0f1a3829719c 2 weeks ago 18.71 MB mysql 5.6 f2e8d6c772c0 2 weeks ago 324.6 MB haproxy latest 55fc47c91e3b 3 weeks ago 139 MB nginx 1.9 eb4a127a1188 3 weeks ago 182.7 MB django latest f9dac9187119 3 weeks ago 451 MB ubuntu 15.10 4e3b13c8a266 4 weeks ago 136.3 MB redis latest 4f5f397d4b7c 8 weeks ago 177.6 MB registry 2.3.0 5eaced67751b 8 weeks ago 165.7 MB google/cadvisor latest a56e3f67a48d 9 weeks ago 46.33 MB registry latest bca04f698ba8 3 months ago 422.9 MB golang 1.5.1 e62abe1305a5 5 months ago 709.3 MB sequenceiq/hadoop-docker latest 5c3cc170c6bc 9 months ago 1.766 GB
2、通過docker save命令，將映象儲存為tar檔案
[email protected]:~# docker save -o /root/google-cadvisor.tar google/cadvisor
[email protected]:~# ls
admin-openrc.sh docker google-cadvisor.tar pipework
[email protected]:~# ll
total 46312
drwx------ 8 root root 4096 May 3 11:20 ./
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 Apr 14 10:53 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 135 Apr 11 10:35 admin-openrc.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 37672 Apr 29 17:39 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3106 Feb 20 2014 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 14 16:10 .cache/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 22:36 docker/
-r-------- 1 root root 20 Apr 11 00:00 .erlang.cookie
-rw------- 1 root root 47311360 May 3 11:20 google-cadvisor.tar
-rw------- 1 root root 1727 Apr 19 11:50 .mysql_history
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 11 10:54 .novaclient/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 26 10:37 pipework/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140 Feb 20 2014 .profile
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 14 16:10 .ssh/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 29 17:01 .vim/
-rw------- 1 root root 11959 Apr 29 17:01 .viminfo
儲存為tar檔案之後，我們就可以將這個檔案以物理形式拷貝到192.168.13.120容器環境中了。
1、檢視目標環境的映象列表
[email protected]:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu latest b1e98eb57559 7 days ago 120.1 MB
ubuntu/pipework latest a161cd7260da 7 days ago 226 MB
ubuntu/mysql latest 62b80c65d15b 4 months ago 373.3 MB
ubuntu/os latest 39eea0e53d4e 5 months ago 653.2 MB
ubuntu 14.04 1d073211c498 6 months ago 187.9 MB
ubuntu 14.04.3 1d073211c498 6 months ago 187.9 MB
ubuntu 12.04 0ac5b09d8536 6 months ago 136.1 MB
tutum/ubuntu latest 151c4704c045 10 months ago 251.5 MB
training/sinatra latest f0f4ab557f95 23 months ago 447 MB
2、通過docker load命令將tar檔案載入進來
[email protected]:~# ls
aksusbd docker-static-ip-master master.zip sinatra SuperMapiCloudManager7C
Dockerfile google-cadvisor.tar pipework-master supermap_iCloud_711_30278_255_linux64.tar.gz SuperMapiServer
[email protected]:~# docker load -i /root/google-cadvisor.tar
[email protected]:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu latest b1e98eb57559 7 days ago 120.1 MB
ubuntu/pipework latest a161cd7260da 7 days ago 226 MB
google/cadvisor latest 77ab3045082e 9 weeks ago 46.33 MB
ubuntu/mysql latest 62b80c65d15b 4 months ago 373.3 MB
ubuntu/os latest 39eea0e53d4e 5 months ago 653.2 MB
ubuntu 14.04 1d073211c498 6 months ago 187.9 MB
ubuntu 14.04.3 1d073211c498 6 months ago 187.9 MB
ubuntu 12.04 0ac5b09d8536 6 months ago 136.1 MB
tutum/ubuntu latest 151c4704c045 10 months ago 251.5 MB
training/sinatra latest f0f4ab557f95 23 months ago 447 MB
我們可以看到，google/cadvisor映象已經載入進來，然後啟動即可。
[email protected]:~# docker run \
> --volume=/:/rootfs:ro \
> --volume=/var/run:/var/run:rw \
> --volume=/sys:/sys:ro \
> --volume=/var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro \
> --publish=8080:8080 \
> --detach=true \
> --name=cadvisor \
> google/cadvisor:latest
046ad9524cc9a92f118869aae7d10f04c6dfb6e215051f07ea47a5a91ea34e22
[email protected]:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
046ad9524cc9 google/cadvisor:latest "/usr/bin/cadvisor -l" 32 seconds ago Up 31 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp cadvisor
54fd72ea7832 ubuntu:14.04 "/bin/bash" 5 days ago Up 2 hours test1
總結
通過這種簡單的方式，我們可以對docker映象、例項進行備份、恢復、遷移（備份和恢復），這對於我們docker交換非常方便。