3臺機器配置hadoop-2.7.3叢集
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-26
一. 環境介紹
三臺主機，主機名和ip分別為： ubuntu1 10.3.19.171 ubuntu2 10.3.19.172 ubuntu3 10.3.19.173三臺主機的登入使用者名稱是bigdata，home目錄是/home/bigdata 現在三臺主機上部署hadoop叢集， ubuntu1作為namenode, ubuntu1 ubuntu2 ubuntu3作為datanode。
二. 安裝部署
1. 配置各主機名和hosts, 安裝JAVA
修改各主機名的配置， 例如ubuntu1的主機名配置為：ubuntu2 和 ubuntu3分別配置為ubuntu2 和 ubuntu3 在各主機上配置hosts列表, 三臺主機的配置相同，如下紅色部分：[email protected]:~$ cat /etc/hostname ubuntu1
[email protected]:~$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 ubuntu
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
10.3.19.171 ubuntu1
10.3.19.172 ubuntu2
10.3.19.173 ubuntu3 安裝配置java. 三臺主機都需要安裝java, ubuntu1下java安裝路徑如下, 其它兩臺主機，也是安裝到~/usr/jdk1.8.0_25目錄下
[email protected]:~/usr/jdk1.8.0_25$ pwd
/home/bigdata/usr/jdk1.8.0_25export JAVA_HOME=/home/bigdata/usr/jdk1.8.0_25 export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/jt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
2. 配置三臺主機ssh免密碼登入
step1: 分別在ubuntu1 ubuntu2 ubuntu3三臺主機上，執行如下命令生成公鑰/私鑰對[email protected]:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''按回車鍵，它在/home/bigdata下生成.ssh目錄，.ssh下有id_rsa和id_rsa.pub。-P表示密碼，-P '' 就表示空密碼。
step2: 拷貝公鑰到各主機，使得各主機可以ssh免密碼登入
檢視.ssh/authorized_keys檔案是否存在，如果不存在則建立
[email protected]:~$ ls .ssh/authorized_keys
.ssh/authorized_keys[email protected]:~$ chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys[email protected]:~$ cat .ssh/authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCrI0nqIW4P7mPbKytk/wo0d1utVQCIgDGQjUZDgVv1Ll9y6PoRtffTqDQ5cHLHnqapsdO/RAfDFUBPaDAHHwZeQ/sKP/c9GWbr9PxjH2dzzVcB6VOll3T0vTLAxMsIevtBj/fN5HRdZTasQeLtibY5CQvGF+owWCWtWp7cEdewL2fgPCFIVijFLqGLtAvLJrpcbnwoY0WgIivviK9QD2Ymm/kC5pAK/5/QljYldyOEiPbTeRLE94b4G7XWPDhIv/1SKLvnwQoy/Zs0HokG/jzW3VXSLJ9aecg8JfTp3q2Ngcm3hm/chfWvxfCRC5DnmTzlKg+HxsWp7M3ku3saR2Kv [email protected]
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC7E/gMzpHo4YXEmIBMau+H1Jw01UVEvUSWWy1zz6v0xXQbSQt2fKm1Iwm9XoijLWrv0PWZp44XdPNAP0o+2pK2y8G3t7qMMbAIu9LSe7No51Npz450HMbKlXtZ2ED3Zd/09SP+ekpd4z8IiMeZGUQNCsdRe0jgIbP8QtEkg7MO7WrI9d54dBMzjWPqrxYcSfP3yf65WXGwTcxbmbaFpuFSMvx2c+OsA1u1wemNk0r1/f1Q5Qu4GavOX0ZQojUjz1z2CJe9Hm+hNtpgrIrmnzPk3+4qw/8udUkDGYuZD0G9J2xPmD1qwu5oz29a9b/2eMqStQu7NWoDfCCpoa6ZrHuv [email protected]
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDMRgOi/sWQHXRgL24VqDgEncOxmoV9IlmjVhC9Mhbx1vpRWfLakGzxQdmyN6X7xJxZjc3O6CcJbVSZTBnAd45PpX5EhQ/QBa+ycz9Cfl44bVyEaeb2mAtcTbILlepNgvdT+MgVxDkkL+7bL9XMwkxptmQozTY7RTRd3MHiXOk+AoDMt9iJrpGyhjSpR5WEL7jG9TAakOlnBSyTPPnjPV+SerN3DEG/KSg3vAED9Pimzka7MM6syjMVypVt5AZhDmc5bTXPwq6+WTupspI6MdXkeKn6tTCZGhE1Qwvf8nP0Thope6fvrbVWTTOf4RGW8/f9zXyWy2PC9Pp2h5AIihZf [email protected]嘗試在ubuntu1上無密碼登入ubuntu2, 第一次可能需要輸入密碼，後續登入不需要。
[email protected]:~$ ssh ubuntu2
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
Last login: Tue May 2 19:56:34 2017 from 10.3.19.171
[email protected]:~$ 3. 安裝hadoop到一臺主機ubuntu1上
我的hadoop部署在目錄/home/bigdata/run目錄下，在ubuntu1上部署hadoop先。操作部署如下： step1. 解壓hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz，並將其拷貝到run目錄下[email protected]:~$ tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz[email protected]:~$ mv hadoop-2.7.3 /home/bigdata/run/[email protected]:~$ ln -s /home/bigdata/run/hadoop-2.7.3 /home/bigdata/run/hadoopstep2: 配置core-site.xml
[email protected]:~$ cd /home/bigdata/run/hadoop/etc/hadoop
[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ [email protected]:~/run/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ cat core-site.xml
......
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://ubuntu1:9000</value>
</property>
</configuration>step3: 配置hdfs-site.xml
[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ cat hdfs-site.xml
.......
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>3</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/bigdata/run/hadoop/tmp/name</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/bigdata/run/hadoop/tmp/data</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.http.address</name>
<value>ubuntu1:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.http.address</name>
<value>ubuntu1:50075</value>
</property>
</configuration>step4: 配置mapred-site.xml
[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ cat mapred-site.xml
......
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
</configuration>step5:配置yarn-site.xml
[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ cat yarn-site.xml
......
<configuration>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
<value>ubuntu1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.hostname</name>
<value>ubuntu1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
</configuration>step6: 配置hadoop-env.sh，紅色部署，配置JAVA_HOME，即jdk的安裝路徑
[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ cat hadoop-env.sh
......
# The java implementation to use.
#export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}
export JAVA_HOME=/home/bigdata/usr/jdk1.8.0_25
......
step7: 建立namenode和datanode資料所在目錄
mkdir /home/bigdata/run/hadoop/tmp/name
mkdir /home/bigdata/run/hadoop/tmp/data這樣在ubuntu1上部署hadoop已經完成了。接下來，將hadoop部署到ubuntu2和ubuntu3兩臺主機上。
4. 安裝hadoop到ubuntu2和ubuntu3主機上
為了方便， 我們直接將ubuntu1上的/home/bigdata/run/hadoop-2.7.3目錄打包，拷貝到ubuntu1和ubuntu2主機上。注意, ubuntu2和ubuntu3主機的目錄結構，要同ubuntu1主機一樣。我們同樣將hadoop部署到/home/bigdata/run目錄下[email protected]:~/run$ tar -zcvf hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz hadoop-2.7.3/scp hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz ubuntu2:/run/
scp hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz ubuntu3:/run/[email protected]:~/run$ tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz[email protected]:~$ ln -s /home/bigdata/run/hadoop-2.7.3 /home/bigdata/run/hadoop[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ cat hdfs-site.xml
......
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>3</value>
</property>
<!--
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/bigdata/run/hadoop/tmp/name</value>
</property>
-->
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/bigdata/run/hadoop/tmp/data</value>
</property>
<!--
<property>
<name>dfs.http.address</name>
<value>ubuntu1:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.http.address</name>
<value>ubuntu1:50075</value>
</property>
-->
</configuration>step2: 修改mapred-site.xml, 註釋掉紅色部分
[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ cat mapred-site.xml
......
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
</configuration>5. 啟動hadoop叢集
step0: 格式化namenode[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/bin$ cd /home/bigdata/run/hadoop/bin
[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/bin$ ./hadoop namenode -format[email protected]:~$ cd /home/bigdata/run/hadoop/sbin
[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/sbin$ ./start-all.sh[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/sbin$ jps -l
1827 org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.nodemanager.NodeManager
1494 org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SecondaryNameNode
1225 org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode
1707 org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.ResourceManager
2110 sun.tools.jps.Jps
1343 org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode[email protected]:~/run/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ jps -l
983 org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode
1166 sun.tools.jps.Jps
6. 測試hadoop
為了測試方便，設定環境變數如下：export JAVA_HOME=/home/bigdata/usr/jdk1.8.0_25
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/jt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export HADOOP_PREFIX=/home/bigdata/run/hadoop
export HADOOP_HOME=$HADOOP_PREFIX
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_PREFIX
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_PREFIX/etc/hadoop
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_PREFIX
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_PREFIX
export HADOOP_YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_PREFIX
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin:$HADOOP_PREFIX/bin測試步驟如下:
a. 本地資料夾/home/bigdata/下建立檔案test.txt
$ cat test.txt
hello world
b. hdfs上建立資料夾test：hdfs dfs -mkdir /test
c. 拷貝test.txt到test資料夾下：hdfs dfs -copyFromLocal /home/bigdata/test.txt /test/test.txt
d. 檢視hdfs上的test.txt：hdfs dfs -cat /test/test.txt
e. 執行工具類wordcount，將結果輸出到output：
hadoop jar /home/bigdata/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.3.jar wordcount /test/test.txt /output
f. 在output下檢視輸出結果檔案：hdfs dfs -ls /output
g. 檢視統計結果 hdfs dfs -cat /output/part-r-00000