django中實現微信訊息推送
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-27
-公眾號(不能主動給使用者發訊息)
-認證的公眾號:需要營業執照,需要交錢,可以發多篇文章
-未認證的公眾號:一天只能發一篇文章
-服務號(微信推送)
-需要申請,需要認證
-可以主動給使用者推送訊息
-能給推送的人,必須關注我的服務號
-沙箱環境
-企業號
-企業裡用的:
-你們所見的二維碼:其實就是一個url地址
-咱們在前端通過url(https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2.....)生成一個二維碼
-注意*****修改:網頁授權獲取使用者基本資訊
一 具體實現程式碼
1.1moddls
importhashlib from django.db import models class UserInfo(models.Model): username = models.CharField("使用者名稱", max_length=64, unique=True) password = models.CharField("密碼", max_length=64) uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='個人唯一ID',max_length=64, unique=True) wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): # 建立使用者時，為使用者自動生成個人唯一ID if not self.pk: m = hashlib.md5() m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8")) self.uid = m.hexdigest() super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
1.2views
import json import functools import requests from django.conf import settings from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse from django.http import JsonResponse from app01 import models # 沙箱環境地質：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login def index(request): obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1) return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj}) def auth(func): def inner(request, *args, **kwargs): user_info = request.session.get('user_info') if not user_info: return redirect('/login/') return func(request, *args, **kwargs) return inner def login(request): """ 使用者登入 :param request: :return: """ # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123) if request.method == "POST": user = request.POST.get('user') pwd = request.POST.get('pwd') obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first() if obj: request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid} return redirect('/bind/') else: return render(request, 'login.html') @auth def bind(request): """ 使用者登入後，關注公眾號，並繫結個人微信（用於以後訊息推送） :param request: :return: """ return render(request, 'bind.html') @auth def bind_qcode(request): """ 生成二維碼 :param request: :return: """ ret = {'code': 1000} try: access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect" access_url = access_url.format( # 商戶的appid appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx6edde7a6a97e4fcd', # 回撥地址 redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"], # 當前登入使用者的唯一id state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 為當前使用者生成MD5值 ) ret['data'] = access_url except Exception as e: ret['code'] = 1001 ret['msg'] = str(e) return JsonResponse(ret) def callback(request): """ 使用者在手機微信上掃碼後，微信自動呼叫該方法。 用於獲取掃碼使用者的唯一ID，以後用於給他推送訊息。 :param request: :return: """ code = request.GET.get("code") # 使用者md5值,使用者唯一id state = request.GET.get("state") # 獲取該使用者openId(使用者唯一，用於給使用者傳送訊息) # request模組朝https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token地址發get請求 res = requests.get( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token", params={ "appid": 'wx3e1f0883236623f9', "secret": '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a', "code": code, "grant_type": 'authorization_code', } ).json() # res.data 是json格式 # res=json.loads(res.data) # res是一個字典 # 獲取的到openid表示使用者授權成功 openid = res.get("openid") if openid: models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid) response = "<h1>授權成功 %s </h1>" % openid else: response = "<h1>使用者掃碼之後，手機上的提示</h1>" return HttpResponse(response) def sendmsg(request): def get_access_token(): """ 獲取微信全域性介面的憑證(預設有效期倆個小時) 如果不每天請求次數過多, 通過設定快取即可 """ result = requests.get( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token", params={ "grant_type": "client_credential", "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'], "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'], } ).json() if result.get("access_token"): access_token = result.get('access_token') else: access_token = None return access_token access_token = get_access_token() openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id def send_custom_msg(): body = { "touser": openid, "msgtype": "text", "text": { "content": 'lqz大帥哥' } } response = requests.post( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send", # 放到路徑?後面的東西 params={ 'access_token': access_token }, # 這是post請求body體中的內容 data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8') ) # 這裡可根據回執code進行判定是否傳送成功(也可以根據code根據錯誤資訊) result = response.json() return result def send_template_msg(): """ 傳送模版訊息 """ res = requests.post( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send", params={ 'access_token': access_token }, json={ "touser": openid, "template_id": 'IaSe9s0rukUfKy4ZCbP4p7Hqbgp1L4hG6_EGobO2gMg', "data": { "first": { "value": "lqz", "color": "#173177" }, "keyword1": { "value": "大帥哥", "color": "#173177" }, } } ) result = res.json() return result result = send_custom_msg() if result.get('errcode') == 0: return HttpResponse('傳送成功') return HttpResponse('傳送失敗')
1.3settings
# ############# 微信 ############## WECHAT_CONFIG = { 'app_id': 'wx3e1f0883236623f9', 'appsecret': '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a', 'redirect_uri': 'http://42.56.89.12/callback/', }
1.4url
from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^login/$', views.login), url(r'^index/$', views.index), url(r'^bind/$', views.bind), url(r'^bind_qcode/$', views.bind_qcode), url(r'^callback/$', views.callback), url(r'^sendmsg/$', views.sendmsg), ]
流程圖
