【譯】用maven使java web應用執行在內嵌的Jetty或Tomcat容器中
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-27
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開發java web應用時，能在“真實”的環境中有快速的反饋是非常實用的。本文將探尋如何使用maven使java web應用執行在內嵌的Jetty或Tomcat容器中。我將展示如何配置他們來開發Podcastpedia.org網站的工程podcastpedia。
環境準備
你需要有Maven，至少安裝了Java 7。正常情況你應該可以自行部署和啟動podcastpedia工程並看到效果
Jetty Maven Plugin
外掛配置
<!-- http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/documentation/current/jetty-maven-plugin.html --> <plugin> <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId> <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${jetty.version}</version> <configuration> <jettyConfig>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources/config/jetty9.xml</jettyConfig> <stopKey>STOP</stopKey> <stopPort>9999</stopPort> <scanIntervalSeconds>5</scanIntervalSeconds> <scanTargets> <scanTarget>${project.basedir}/src/main</scanTarget> <scanTarget>${project.basedir}/src/test</scanTarget> </scanTargets> <contextXml>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources/jetty-context.xml</contextXml> <webAppConfig> <contextPath>/</contextPath> </webAppConfig> </configuration> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.connector.java.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.mail</groupId> <artifactId>mail</artifactId> <version>${java.mail.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${tomcat.jdbc.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </plugin>
注意:
- jettyConfig 指定Jetty的配置檔案，下一部分將有該配置檔案的具體內容
- scanTargets 指定了Jetty監控檔案變化的資料夾
- 指定連線資料庫和發郵件的 依賴包
Jetty.xml配置檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Configure class="org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext"> <New id="pcmdbDS" class="org.eclipse.jetty.plus.jndi.Resource"> <Arg>jdbc/pcmDB</Arg> <Arg> <New class="com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlConnectionPoolDataSource"> <Set name="Url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/pcmDB?allowMultiQueries=true </Set> <Set name="User">pcm</Set> <Set name="Password">pcm_pw</Set> </New> </Arg> </New> <New id="mailSessionId" class="org.eclipse.jetty.plus.jndi.Resource"> <Arg>mail/Session</Arg> <Arg> <New class="org.eclipse.jetty.jndi.factories.MailSessionReference"> <Set name="user">[email protected]</Set> <Set name="password">test-dev</Set> <Set name="properties"> <New class="java.util.Properties"> <Put name="mail.host">mail.podcastpedia.org</Put> <Put name="mail.debug">true</Put> <Put name="mail.transport.protocol">smtp</Put> <Put name="mail.smtp.port">25</Put> <Put name="mail.smtp.auth">true</Put> </New> </Set> </New> </Arg> </New> </Configure>
- Server類（或者子類）以及全域性的可選項
- 一個執行緒池（最小、最大執行緒數）
- Connectors聯結器（埠號、超時時間、緩衝區大小、協議）
- 處理器結構（handler structure）（預設的處理器或者一個contextHandlerCollections）
- 掃描部署的webapps和容器上下文的部署管理器
- 提供認證的登入服務
- 請求日誌
Apache Tomcat Maven外掛
apache tomcat maven外掛的配置
<!-- https://tomcat.apache.org/maven-plugin-trunk/index.html -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<!-- http port -->
<port>8080</port>
<!-- application path always starts with /-->
<path>/</path>
<!-- optional path to a context file -->
<contextFile>context.xml</contextFile>
<!-- optional system propoerties you want to add -->
<systemProperties>
<appserver.base>${project.build.directory}/appserver-base</appserver.base>
<appserver.home>${project.build.directory}/appserver-home</appserver.home>
<derby.system.home>${project.build.directory}/appserver-base/logs</derby.system.home>
<java.io.tmpdir>${project.build.directory}</java.io.tmpdir>
</systemProperties>
<!-- if you want to use test dependencies rather than only runtime -->
<useTestClasspath>false</useTestClasspath>
<!-- optional if you want to add some extra directories into the classloader -->
<additionalClasspathDirs>
<additionalClasspathDir></additionalClasspathDir>
</additionalClasspathDirs>
</configuration>
<!-- For any extra dependencies needed when running embedded Tomcat (not WAR dependencies) add them below -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.connector.java.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>${java.mail.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.jdbc.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>注意：
- 指定tomcat的 埠號
- 指定 contextFile ，用來告訴tomcat配置檔案在哪裡
- 指定連線資料庫和發郵件的 依賴包
context.xml
<Context>
<Resource
name="jdbc/pcmDB"
auth="Container"
type="javax.sql.DataSource"
factory="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceFactory"
initialSize="5"
maxActive="55"
maxIdle="21"
minIdle="13"
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis="34000"
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis="55000"
validationQuery="SELECT 1"
validationInterval="34"
testOnBorrow="true"
removeAbandoned="true"
removeAbandonedTimeout="233"
username="pcm"
password="pcm_pw"
driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/pcmDB?allowMultiQueries=true"
/>
<Resource name="mail/Session" auth="Container"
type="javax.mail.Session"
username="[email protected]"
password="test-dev"
mail.smtp.host="mail.podcastpedia.org"
mail.smtp.port="25"
mail.smtp.user="[email protected]"
mail.transport.protocol="smtp"
mail.smtp.auth="true"
/>
</Context>在context.xml中，定義了資料庫和郵件資源
就這樣，使用了spring框架的Java web應用可以執行輕量級的servlet容器，顯然這種方式可以代替JavaEE伺服器及其帶來的所有成本。