The movie was made through a collaboration with science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke and film director Stanley Kubrick, inspired by Clarke's novel Childhood's End and his lesser-known short story The Sentinel. The most obvious way in which 2018 has fallen short of the vision of 2001 is in space travel. People are not yet routinely visiting space stations, making unremarkable visits to one of several moon bases, nor traveling to other planets. But Kubrick and Clarke hit the bull's-eye when imagining the possibilities, problems and challenges of the future of artificial intelligence. A chief drama of the movie can in many ways be viewed as a battle to the death between human and computer.