1.簡介：

Apache Shiro是Java的一個安全（許可權）框架，不僅可以用在Java SE環境，也可以用在Java EE環境。Shiro可以完成：認證、授權、加密、會話管理、與Web整合、快取等。

下載：http://shiro.apache.org/

2.功能簡介：

主要功能：

Authentication：認證（登入）。

Authorization：授權。

Session Management：管理Session，此Session不止Web環境下的HttpSession，它是Shiro自己的Session，在JavaSE的環境下也有。

Cryptography：加密。

支援：

Web Support：跟Java EE進行整合。

Concurrency：在多執行緒的情況下進行授權認證。

Testing：測試。

Caching：快取模組。

Run As：讓已經登入的使用者以另外一個使用者的身份來作業系統。

Remember Me：記住我。

3.Shiro架構：

3.1 外部架構：

Subject：應用程式碼直接互動的物件是Subject，也就是說Shiro對外API核心就是Subject。Subject代表了當前“使用者”，這個使用者不一定是具體的人，與當前應用互動的任何東西都是Subject，如網路爬蟲和機器人；與Subject的所有互動都會委託給SecurityManager；Subject是門面，SecurityManager是實際的執行者。

Shiro SecurityManager：安全管理器，所有與安全相關的操作都會與SecurityManager互動；並且管理著所有的Subject；是Shiro的核心；它負責和Shiro的其他元件互動。

Realm：Shiro從Realm獲取安全資料（如使用者、角色和許可權），也就是SecurityManager需要驗證身份，那麼它需要從Realm中獲得相應的使用者進行比較等等，Realm相當於是一個DataSource。

3.2 內部架構：

4.HelloWorld：

先匯入基本的Jar包到類路徑下：

匯入配置檔案和Java檔案到Src下面：

package com.shiro.helloworld;

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        //使用工廠的方式獲取.ini配置檔案，返回一個SecurityManager例項
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        //在這個例子中SecurityManager在JVM中是單例可訪問的
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        //獲取當前的Subject
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        //獲取Session並設定值
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("---> Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        //測試當前的使用者是否已經被認證，即是否已經登入
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            //把使用者名稱和密碼封裝到UsernamePasswordToken物件
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            //Remember Me
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
                //執行登入
                //能否登入成功取決於.ini配置檔案是否存在對應的使用者名稱和密碼
                currentUser.login(token);
            } 
            catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                //沒有指定賬戶時，丟擲該異常
                log.info("----> There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
                return; 
            } 
            catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                //密碼不正確時，丟擲該異常
                log.info("----> Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
                return; 
            } 
            catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                //使用者被鎖定時，丟擲該異常
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //總的認證異常
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        log.info("----> User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //測試是否有這個schwartz角色
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("----> May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("----> Hello, mere mortal.");
            return; 
        }

        //測試使用者是否具備某一個行為
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) {
            log.info("----> You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //同上，不過更具體，意思就是這個使用者是否可以刪除（delete）使用者（user）張三（zhangsan）
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("user:delete:zhangsan")) {
            log.info("----> You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        System.out.println("---->" + currentUser.isAuthenticated());
        
        //執行登出
        currentUser.logout();
        
        System.out.println("---->" + currentUser.isAuthenticated());

        System.exit(0);
    }
}
 

#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#
# =============================================================================
# Quickstart INI Realm configuration
#
# For those that might not understand the references in this file, the
# definitions are all based on the classic Mel Brooks' film "Spaceballs". ;)
# =============================================================================

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Users and their assigned roles
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setUserDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
# 
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'delete' (action) the user (type) with
# license plate 'zhangsan' (instance specific id)
goodguy = user:delete:zhangsan