安卓開發-Broadcast接受者+六種常見Broadcast接受者案例+程序的優先順序
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-29
《一:廣播接受者》
1.自定義廣播
1.1:自定義一個類ReceiverBroadcast,並繼承BroadcastReceiver:
//接收方
public class ReveiverBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.v("aaa", "接收到廣播了");
}
}
1.2:在AndroidManifest.xml中配置:
<receiver android:name="com.m520it.receiverbroadcast.ReveiverBroadcast">
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="com.m520it.receiverbroadcast.action.receiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
1.3:隱式指定action(隱式意圖用在跨應用中,因為無法拿到其他應用的元件名)【傳送和接收在同一個應用中時可用顯示意圖】,併發送廣播:
//傳送方
Intent intent = new Intent("com.m520it.receiverbroadcast.action.receiver");
sendBroadcast(intent);
2.有序廣播和無序廣播:
2.1:在接收方應用中,定義三個接收廣播,並配置廣播:
public class ReceiverABroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.v("aaa" , getResultData() + "A");
//特點1:有序廣播可以在廣播途中被中間接受者修改資料
setResultData("不行");
}
}
public class ReceiverBBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.v("aaa", getResultData() + "B");
//特點2:有序廣播可在中間接受者中關閉廣播
abortBroadcast();
}
}
public class ReceiverCBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.v("aaa", getResultData() + "C");
}
}
<!-- 此處的action都是相同的,方便同一廣播被很多應用監聽到 -->
<receiver android:name="com.m520it.receiverbroadcast.ReceiverABroadcast">
<!-- 配置廣播的監聽優先順序 -->
<intent-filter android:priority="1000">
<!-- 配置廣播的action,以便通過隱式啟動廣播被此廣播接收到 -->
<action android:name="com.m520it.receiverbroadcast.action.SEND"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name="com.m520it.receiverbroadcast.ReceiverBBroadcast">
<intent-filter android:priority="500">
<action android:name="com.m520it.receiverbroadcast.action.SEND"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name="com.m520it.receiverbroadcast.ReceiverCBroadcast">
<intent-filter android:priority="250">
<action android:name="com.m520it.receiverbroadcast.action.SEND"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
2.2:在傳送方:
Intent intent = new Intent("com.m520it.receiverbroadcast.action.SEND");
//1.receiverPermission:設定檢視廣播的許可權
//2.resultReceiver:結果廣播接受者,它無需配置
//3.scheduler:Handler型別,一般不用
//4.initialCode:初始化編碼,來區別廣播
//5.initialData:廣播名
//6.initialExtras:Bundle傳遞的各種資料
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,
null,
new Receiver(),
null,
0,
"可以",
null);
//無需配置
public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.v("520it", getResultData() + "Reciver");
}
}
2.3.1:有序廣播相比於無需廣播,特點
特點1:有序廣播可以在廣播途中被中間接受者修改資料
特點2:有序廣播可在中間接受者中關閉廣播
特點3:配置廣播的監聽優先順序:
2.3.2:無需廣播接收者不強調順序,巨集觀上認為同時接收到。
注意:
1.不管是否關閉廣播,結果廣播接受者都能接收到最後一次資料。 2.若廣播發送方和接收方在一個應用中,則接收方執行在主執行緒中,此處應該新開啟一個子執行緒進行耗時操作(網路操作)。
《二:六種常見的廣播接受者例項》
一:撥打電話接受者-有序廣播(優先順序在-1000以下)
1.建立一個類PhoneReceiver 繼承 BroadcastReceiver:
public class PhoneReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.v("aaa", "onReceiver");
}
}
2.在Manifest.xml中配置:
<receiver android:name="com.m520it.phonereceiver.PhoneReceiver">
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="android.intent.action.NEW_OUTGOING_CALL"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS" />(application外,監聽撥打是敏感操作)
二:SD卡安裝和解除安裝接受者-無序廣播
1.建立一個類SDCardStatusReceiver 繼承 BroadcastReceiver:
public class SDCardStatusReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if(intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
Log.v("aaa", "MOUNTED");
}else if(intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_UNMOUNTED)){
Log.v("aaa", "UNMOUNTED");
}
}
}
2.在Manifest.xml中配置:
<receiver android:name="com.m520it.sdcardstatusreceiver.SDCardStatusReceiver">
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MEDIA_MOUNTED"/>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MEDIA_UNMOUNTED"/>(sd卡就是檔案)
<data android:scheme="file"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
(只是讀取SD卡的安裝狀態並沒有讀寫,不敏感)
三:簡訊接受者:本應用優先收到簡訊,其他應用不能收到簡訊-有序廣播
1.建立一個類SmsReceiver 繼承 BroadcastReceiver:
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
//簡訊本身就是報文,以位元組流的形式傳送,傳送時可分多組
Object[] smsObject = (Object[]) extras.get("pdus");
String content = "";
String phone = "";
for (int i = 0; i < smsObject.length; i++) {
//通過每個組的資訊位元組陣列得到該段資訊物件
SmsMessage message = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])smsObject[i]);
if(i == 0){
//得到電話號碼
phone = message.getDisplayOriginatingAddress();
}
//得到資訊內容
content += message.getDisplayMessageBody();
}
Log.v("aaa", phone + "," + content);
//該應用接收到簡訊後就關閉廣播,截斷向其他應用傳送資訊的可能
abortBroadcast();
}
注意:此處android.telephony.gsm.SmsMessage已經過時,應匯入android.telephony.SmsMessage
2.在Manifest.xml中配置:
<receiver android:name="com.m520it.smsreceiver.SmsReceiver">
<!-- 接收簡訊的優先順序,整型資料:-1000~1000 -->
<intent-filter android:priority="1000">
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<!-- 接收簡訊許可權 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />
四:應用安裝和解除安裝狀態接受者-無序廣播
1.建立一個類ApkStatusReceiver 繼承 BroadcastReceiver:
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if(intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED)){
Log.v("aaa", "ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED");
}else if(intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED)){
Log.v("aaa", "ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED");
}
}
2.在Manifest.xml中配置:
<receiver android:name="com.m520it.apkstatusreceiver.ApkStatusReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED"/>
<action android:name="ansdroid.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED"/>
//官方規定新增
<data android:scheme="package"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
五:監聽開機的廣播接受者-無序廣播
可在配置了以下任意一個動作的receiver廣播中開啟電話監聽服務
//安裝SD卡動作
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MEDIA_MOUNTED" />
//開機動作
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
//開機的許可權
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
六:鎖屏與解鎖的廣播接受者-無序廣播
1.建立監聽服務類並在AndroidManifest.xml中配置該服務:
public class ScreenBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if(intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF)){
Log.v("aaa", "鎖屏了");
}else if(intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON)){
Log.v("aaa", "解鎖啦");
}
}
}
2.在MainActivity中組冊廣播動作:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//鎖屏與解屏適合頻繁的操作,不適合在配置檔案中配置,在程式碼中註冊:
mScreen = new ScreenBroadcast();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON);
registerReceiver(mScreen, filter);
}
//關閉介面時應銷燬註冊的動作
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unregisterReceiver(mScreen);
}
《三:應用程序的優先順序》
1.Foreground progress(前臺程序):
當一個應用的某個頁面處在螢幕的最前面,可認為是前臺程序(介面最前)
2.Visible progress(可見程序):
如果一個應用啟動另一個應用的介面(透明),前者處於可見程序(介面可見,但不是最前了)
3.Service progress(服務程序):
程序裡面有一個服務處於執行狀態
4.Background progress(後臺程序):
如果一個應用沒有服務正在執行,並且介面沒有關閉,最小化了
5.Empty progress(空程序):
應用程式沒有任何活動的元件(無介面,無活動)