Nginx的https配置記錄以及http強制跳轉到https的方法梳理
一、Nginx安裝（略）
安裝的時候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module，因為http_ssl_module不屬於Nginx的基本模組。
Nginx安裝方法：
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# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
# make && make install
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二、生成證書(略)
可以使用openssl生成證書：
比如生成如下兩個證書檔案（假設存放路徑為/usr/local/nginx/cert/）：
wangshibo.crt
wangshibo.key
三、修改Nginx配置
server {
listen 443;
server_name www.wangshibo.com;
root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;
if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) { //對訪問的來源ip做白名單限制
rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
#include fastcgi_params;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
例如將所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http訪問強制跳轉到https。
下面配置均可以實現：
配置1：
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; //這是ngixn早前的寫法，現在還可以使用。
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
-------------------------------------------------------
上面的跳轉配置rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
也可以改為下面
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;
或者
rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;
-------------------------------------------------------
配置2：
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; //這是nginx最新支援的寫法
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
配置3：這種方式適用於多域名的時候，即訪問wangshibo.com的http也會強制跳轉到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;
}
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
配置4：下面是最簡單的一種配置
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;
}
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
---------------二、採用nginx的497狀態碼---------------------
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497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS
解釋：當網站只允許https訪問時，當用http訪問時nginx會報出497錯誤碼
思路：
利用error_page命令將497狀態碼的連結重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com這個域名上
配置例項：
如下訪問dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都會被強制跳轉到https
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
也可以將80和443的配置放在一起：
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl埠
listen 127.0.0.1:80; #使用者習慣用http訪問，加上80，後面通過497狀態碼讓它自動跳到443埠
server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
#為一個server{......}開啟ssl支援
ssl on;
#指定PEM格式的證書檔案
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;
#指定PEM格式的私鑰檔案
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key;
#讓http請求重定向到https請求
error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
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---------------三、利用meta的重新整理作用將http跳轉到https---------------------
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上述的方法均會耗費伺服器的資源，可以借鑑百度使用的方法：巧妙的利用meta的重新整理作用，將http跳轉到https
可以基於http://dev.wangshibo.com的虛擬主機路徑下寫一個index.html，內容就是http向https的跳轉
將下面的內容追加到index.html首頁檔案內
[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html
<html>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/">
</html>
[[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
#將404的頁面重定向到https的首頁
error_page 404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
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下面是nginx反代tomcat，並且http強制跳轉至https。
訪問http://zrx.wangshibo.com和訪問http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/結果是一樣的
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[[email protected]_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log logs/access.log;
error_log logs/error.log;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
location ~ / {
root /data/nginx/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
[[email protected]_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf
upstream tomcat8 {
server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
server {
listen 443;
server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
ssl on;
### SSL log files ###
access_log logs/ssl-access.log;
error_log logs/ssl-error.log;
### SSL cert files ###
ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_redirect off;
}
}
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---------------四、通過proxy_redirec方式---------------------
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解決辦法：
# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home
proxy_redirect http:// https://;
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