CentOS7.X安裝LMMP環境Nginx+PHP+Mysql詳解
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-31
前言：
作為PHP開發者，我們常用的線上環境就是LNMP，合理的搭建也是必須掌握的技能，下面就利用原始碼的方式詳細介紹下LNMP環境Nginx+PHP+Mysql的詳細搭建步驟：
版本說明：
Nginx：nginx-1.14.1（最新版本）
PHP：php-7.2.12（最新版本）
Mysql：mysql-5.7.24
一、編譯環境的安裝：GCC,make,C++編譯器
yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make
yum install gcc gcc-c++
二、類庫的安裝：PCRE庫、Zlib庫、openssl
1.選定原始碼下載目錄
可以是任何目錄，建議目錄為/usr/local/src
cd /usr/local/src
cd /usr/local/src wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.42.tar.gz tar -zxvf pcre-8.42.tar.gz cd pcre-8.42 ./configure make && make install
cd /usr/local/src wget http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz cd zlib-1.2.11 ./configure make && make install
cd /usr/local/src wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1a.tar.gz tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1a.tar.gz cd openssl-1.1.1 ./configure make && make install
三、Nginx的安裝
1.下載Nginx官方穩定包並解壓：
cd /usr/local/src wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.1.tar.gztar -zxvf nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz cd nginx-1.14.1
2.新增nginx使用者和使用者組
groupadd -r nginx
useradd -r -g nginx nginx
3.配置nginx安裝引數
./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf \ --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_mp4_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \ --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.39 \ --with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11 \ --with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.1.1
注意：當前所在目錄為/usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.1
--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.42 指的是pcre-8.42 的原始碼路徑。
--with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11 指的是zlib-1.2.11 的原始碼路徑。
--with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.1.1 指的是openssl-1.1.1的原始碼路徑。
4.編譯安裝
make && make install
5.啟動
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
注意：若mkdir /var/tmp/nginx/client failed的提示，請手動建立：
mkdir -p /var/tmp/nginx/client
開啟瀏覽器訪問此伺服器的 IP，如果瀏覽器出現 Welcome to nginx! 則表示 Nginx 已經安裝並執行成功！
四、PHP安裝
1.新增
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ glibc
2.添加
yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash-devel libxslt-devel \ libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel \ zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel \ ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel \ krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel \ --setopt=protected_multilib=false zlib
3.下載PHP官方穩定包並解壓：
cd /usr/local/src wget http://php.net/distributions/php-7.2.12.tar.gz tar -zvxf php-7.2.12.tar.gz cd php-7.2.12
4.新增nginx使用者和使用者組
groupadd -r www
useradd -r -g www www
5.配置PHP安裝引數
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm \ --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --with-curl --disable-debug --disable-rpath \ --enable-inline-optimization --with-bz2 --with-zlib --enable-sockets \ --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-pcntl --enable-mbregex \ --with-mhash --enable-zip --with-pcre-regex --with-pdo-mysql --with-mysqli \ --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --enable-calendar
注意：不同PHP版本，配置引數有部分不同，僅供參考
6.編譯安裝
make && make install
7.為php-fpm提供配置檔案
cd /usr/local/php/etc/ cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/ cp www.conf.default www.conf
8.啟動
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm
驗證是否啟動成功（如果此命令輸出有幾個php-fpm程序就說明啟動成功了）
ps aux | grep php-fpm
五、Nginx伺服器解析PHP檔案之Nginx.conf簡易配置
1.編輯Nginx.conf
vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
#user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; server { listen 80; server_name 127.0.0.1; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root /var/local/www; index index.php index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /var/local/www; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ \.php$ { root /var/local/www; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; #fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
注意：
- 紅色標記部分為修改部分；
- 原檔案目錄存放預設位置為：/usr/local/nginx/html，現將檔案存放目錄修改為：/var/local/www；
2.重啟Nginx伺服器
/usr/loca/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
3.測試php檔案
建立index.php檔案
vi /var/local/www/index.php
4.輸入內容，儲存
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
5.瀏覽器訪問http://伺服器ip/index.php，看到如下資訊即表示成功。
六、Mysql安裝
1.下載原始碼包，並解壓
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2.新增Mysql使用者和使用者組
groupadd mysql useradd -r -g mysql mysql
3.複製
cp -r mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
4.修改Mysql目錄所屬者
cd /usr/local/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql ./
5.初始化，安裝Mysql資料庫，並生成臨時密碼（注意：版本不同可能格式不同）
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
如圖：
輸入以上命令可能出現的問題：bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
原因：缺少numactl軟體包
解決：安裝numactl軟體包
yum -y install numactl
再次執行初始化命令，即可成功；
6.配置my.cnf（簡易配置）
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8 lower_case_table_names = 1 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
注意：紅色為修改部分；
7.新增開機啟動
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
8.修改 vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
在46行 修改程式碼：
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
9.啟動mysql服務
service mysqld start
10.通過以下指令碼可實現對nginx服務的管理
/etc/init.d/mysqld start /etc/init.d/mysqld stop /etc/init.d/mysqld restart /etc/init.d/mysqld reload /etc/init.d/mysqld status11.將mysqld服務加入chkconfig管理列表：
chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld
12.設定終端模式開機啟動：
chkconfig nginx on
13.執行完上述命令後，就可以使用service對nginx服務的管理
service nginx start service nginx stop service nginx restart service nginx reload service nginx status
14.根據生成的原始密碼，登陸Mysql
mysql -u root -p
輸入以上登陸Mysql命令可能出現的問題：-bash: mysql: command not found
解決：新增軟連線
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
15.修改原密碼為root，並重新整理許可權（注意：要在登陸Mysql情況下修改）
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';
flush privileges; //重新整理許可權
至此全部成功安裝了