1. 程式人生 > >從零構建基於以太坊(Ethereum)錢包Parity聯盟鏈

從零構建基於以太坊(Ethereum)錢包Parity聯盟鏈

什麼情況下可以建立自己測試用的PoA chain?

  • 公司內網或無對外網路,無法同步區塊
  • 降低測試時等待區塊的時間
  • 不想碰到testrpc各種雷

PoA Chain特點有

  • 有別於PoW(Proof-of-Work)需要解數學難題來產生blockPoA是依靠預設好的Authority nodes,負責產生block
  • 可依照需求設定Authority node數量。
  • 可指定產生block的時間,例如收到交易的5秒後產生block
  • 一般的Ethereum node也可以連線到PoA Chain,正常發起transactionscontracts等。

大綱

  1. Parity錢包下載安裝
  2. 設定chain spec
  3. 設定兩個節點
  4. 設定賬號(Account)
  5. 啟動Authority node
  6. 連線兩個節點
  7. 傳送交易
  8. 分享給其他節點

一、Parity錢包下載安裝

之前的教程中我們講解了Mist錢包、MetaMask、myetherwallet錢包,這篇教程中,我們系統介紹一下Parity錢包的使用,為下一篇文章中聯盟鏈搭建做鋪墊。

孔壹學院

如官網所示,The fastest and most secure way of interacting with the Ethereum blockchainParity是最快最安全的錢包。

開啟官網,我們看到有三種安裝方式,第一種,直接下載安裝,第二種,Brew

安裝,第三種,Docker安裝。

在我們案例中,我們通過Brew來進行安裝。

1、Getting Homebrew

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

2、Adding Parity to your list of Homebrew ‘kegs’

開啟終端,輸入下面的命令,按enter。

brew tap paritytech/paritytech

3、Installing Parity

  • 穩定版
brew install
parity --stable
  • 最新版
brew install parity
  • 最新開發版
brew install parity --master
  • 更新最新版本
brew update && brew upgrade parity

and

brew reinstall parity

4、檢視安裝版本

liyuechun:~ yuechunli$ parity --version
Parity
  version Parity/v1.8.2-beta-1b6588c-20171025/x86_64-macos/rustc1.21.0
Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

By Wood/Paronyan/Kotewicz/Drwięga/Volf
   Habermeier/Czaban/Greeff/Gotchac/Redmann

liyuechun:~ yuechunli$ 

二、設定chain spec

PoA chain 需要設定一個創世區塊。

{
  "name": "DemoPoA",
  "engine": {
    "authorityRound": {
      "params": {
        "stepDuration": "5",
        "validators": {
          "list": [

          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "params": {
    "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
    "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
    "minGasLimit": "0x1388",
    "networkID": "0x2323"
  },
  "genesis": {
    "seal": {
      "authorityRound": {
        "step": "0x0",
        "signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
      }
    },
    "difficulty": "0x20000",
    "gasLimit": "0x5B8D80"
  },
  "accounts": {
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "ecrecover",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 3000,
            "word": 0
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "sha256",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 60,
            "word": 12
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "ripemd160",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 600,
            "word": 120
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "identity",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 15,
            "word": 3
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
  • stepDuration 設定成5秒產生一個區塊。
  • validators 設定Authority的地方,目前先空著,後面建立account之後再回來填入。

將上面的檔案儲存到桌面的一個檔案中,儲存為demo-spec.json

三、設定兩個節點

在我們這篇文章中,我們在同一臺電腦設定兩個節點,跟我們講解以太坊私網建立 (2) - 同一臺電腦/不同電腦執行多個節點時,如果在同一臺電腦設定兩個節點,需要將rpcportport設定為不同的值,否則就會發生衝突,POA chain中也是一樣,需要將一些引數設定為不同的值。

  • -d:指定儲存資料與賬號的目錄
  • --dport:指定Paritynetwork port,可用來讓其他node連線
  • --jsonrpc-port:這是JSON RPC port,使用web3.js時會需要
  • ui-portParity提供的Web-based UI port

可以用下列指令啟動Parity node

parity --chain demo-spec.json -d parity0 --port 30300  --ui-port 8180  --jsonrpc-port 8540 --jsonrpc-apis web3,eth,net,personal,parity,parity_set,traces,rpc,parity_accounts

除了打一長串的指令外,Parity也提供更為簡潔的config檔案設定方式,使用 --config 即可引用配置檔案。

  • node0 使用如下配置檔案 node0.toml
[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity0"
[network]
port = 30300
[rpc]
port = 8540
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8180
[websockets]
port = 8456
  • node1 使用如下配置檔案 node1.toml
[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity1"
[network]
port = 30301
[rpc]
port = 8541
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8181
[websockets]
port = 8457

四、設定賬號(Account)

我們總共需要設定三個賬號,兩個Authority和一個user賬號。

第一步:首先啟動node0 : parity --config node0.toml

啟動 parity node0






  • 新增Authority account,使用Restore功能,為了示範一致性,我們使用 node0 當作 pass phrase

Recover account from recovery phrase

到目前為止我們已經完成node0的賬號設定。

  • Authority account:0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e
  • User account:0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC

第二步:設定node1的賬號,啟動parity --config node1.toml。步驟相同,連線到 http://localhost:8181pass phrase使用 node1

啟動 node1

parity node1

這樣就完成了node1的賬號設定。

  • Authority account:0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180
"validators": {
  "list": [
    "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180",
    "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
  ]
}

再將user account加入accounts,並給一些balance,後續可以使用。

"0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC": {
  "balance": "10000000000000000000000"
}

完成後的demo-spec.json如下:

{
  "name": "DemoPoA",
  "engine": {
    "authorityRound": {
      "params": {
        "stepDuration": "5",
        "validators": {
          "list": [
            "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180",
            "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "params": {
    "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
    "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
    "minGasLimit": "0x1388",
    "networkID": "0x2323"
  },
  "genesis": {
    "seal": {
      "authorityRound": {
        "step": "0x0",
        "signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
      }
    },
    "difficulty": "0x20000",
    "gasLimit": "0x5B8D80"
  },
  "accounts": {
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "ecrecover",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 3000,
            "word": 0
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "sha256",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 60,
            "word": 12
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "ripemd160",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 600,
            "word": 120
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC": {
      "balance": "10000000000000000000000"
    },
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
      "balance": "1",
      "builtin": {
        "name": "identity",
        "pricing": {
          "linear": {
            "base": 15,
            "word": 3
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

為了啟動Authority node來產生區塊,我們必須設定負責產生blocksigner,分別是 node0node1 account

1、第一步,建立一個node.pwds檔案,寫入node0node1password,內容如下:

node0
node1

2、第二步,在node0.toml檔案中加入[account]及[mining]設定,如下:

[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity0"
[network]
port = 30300
[rpc]
port = 8540
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8180
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
reseal_on_txs = "none"

3、第三步,在node1.toml檔案中加入[account]及[mining]設定,如下:

[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity1"
[network]
port = 30301
[rpc]
port = 8541
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8181
[websockets]
port = 8457
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180"
reseal_on_txs = "none"

4、第四步,Step 4 分別啟動兩個node

parity --config node0.toml
parity --config node1.toml

六、連線兩個節點

使用Postman透過JSON RPC來測試。

1、第一步,Post下列JSON資料至 http://localhost:8540 以取得 node0 的enode資料

{
 "jsonrpc":"2.0",
 "method":"parity_enode",
 "params":[],
 "id":0
}

獲取到的資料如下:

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": "enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f4[email protected]192.168.10.101:30300",
    "id": 0
}

"enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f4[email protected]192.168.10.101:30300"node0的標識。下一步中我們將將它加入到node1中以實現兩個節點之間的連線。

2、第二步,將 node0 的enode加入 node1 ,Post下列JSONs資料至node1 (http://localhost:8541 )

{
 "jsonrpc":"2.0",
 "method":"parity_addReservedPeer",
 "params":["enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f4[email protected]192.168.10.101:30300"],
 "id":0
}

返回的資料如下,result為true,說明連線成功:

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": true,
    "id": 0
}

再切換到node1的終端,會看到下面的資料:

1/25 peers   13 KiB chain 11 KiB db 0 bytes queue 10 KiB sync  RPC:  0 conn,  0 req/s,  24 µs

如上圖所示,表示連線成功。

七、傳送交易

在我們這個案例中,我們一個建立了三個賬號,一個使用者賬號,兩個POA賬號,剛開始的時候我們為使用者賬號初始化了10000 ETH。如下圖所示,賬號與賬號之間可以相互轉賬。





八、分享給其他節點

在開發時通常會將node跑在server上,讓其他人可以通過JSON RPC port連線上去使用,此時只要在config檔案裡面加入 [interface] 設定即可。

假設server ip192.168.1.5,將 node0.toml 修改如下:

[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity0"
[network]
port = 30300
[rpc]
port = 8540
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
interface = "192.168.1.5"
[ui]
port = 8180
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
reseal_on_txs = "none"

node1.toml 修改如下:

[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity1"
[network]
port = 30301
[rpc]
port = 8541
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
interface = "192.168.1.5"
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8181
[websockets]
port = 8457
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180"
reseal_on_txs = "none"

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