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mysql兩表聯合查詢的四種情況

一般來說,我們為了得到更完整的結果,我們需要從兩個或更多的表中獲取結果,我一般都是用select xxx,xxx from 表1,表2 where 表1.xxx=表2.xxx,我們一般都是進行的是這般的操作,其實mysql中還有一種操作,那就是join的操作,例如底下有兩個表:

請看 "Persons" 表:

Id_P LastName FirstName Address City
1 Adams John Oxford Street London
2 Bush George Fifth Avenue New York
3 Carter Thomas Changan Street Beijing

接下來請看 "Orders" 表:

Id_O OrderNo Id_P
1 77895 3
2 44678 3
3 22456 1
4 24562 1
5 34764 65

以上的這兩個表,然後我們把它們進行連線查詢
SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons, Orders
WHERE Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P 

結果集:

LastName FirstName OrderNo
Adams John 22456
Adams John 24562
Carter Thomas 77895
Carter Thomas 44678

如果使用關鍵詞JOIN來從兩個表中獲取資料

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

結果集:

LastName FirstName OrderNo
Adams John 22456
Adams John 24562
Carter Thomas 77895
Carter Thomas 44678
則inner join 與上面的普通查詢沒有區別

不同的 SQL JOIN

  • JOIN: 如果表中有至少一個匹配,則返回行
  • LEFT JOIN: 即使右表中沒有匹配,也從左表返回所有的行
  • RIGHT JOIN: 即使左表中沒有匹配,也從右表返回所有的行
  • FULL JOIN: 只要其中一個表中存在匹配,就返回行 

LEFT JOIN 關鍵字語法

"Persons" 表:

Id_P LastName FirstName Address City
1 Adams John Oxford Street London
2 Bush George Fifth Avenue New York
3 Carter Thomas Changan Street Beijing

"Orders" 表:

Id_O OrderNo Id_P
1 77895 3
2 44678 3
3 22456 1
4 24562 1
5 34764 65

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P=Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

結果集:

LastName FirstName OrderNo
Adams John 22456
Adams John 24562
Carter Thomas 77895
Carter Thomas 44678
Bush George

SQL RIGHT JOIN 關鍵字

"Persons" 表:

Id_P LastName FirstName Address City
1 Adams John Oxford Street London
2 Bush George Fifth Avenue New York
3 Carter Thomas Changan Street Beijing

"Orders" 表:

Id_O OrderNo Id_P
1 77895 3
2 44678 3
3 22456 1
4 24562 1
5 34764 65

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
RIGHT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P=Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
結果集:
LastName FirstName OrderNo
Adams John 22456
Adams John 24562
Carter Thomas 77895
Carter Thomas 44678
34764

SQL FULL JOIN 關鍵字

"Persons" 表:

Id_P LastName FirstName Address City
1 Adams John Oxford Street London
2 Bush George Fifth Avenue New York
3 Carter Thomas Changan Street Beijing

"Orders" 表:

Id_O OrderNo Id_P
1 77895 3
2 44678 3
3 22456 1
4 24562 1
5 34764 65

全連線(FULL JOIN)例項

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
FULL JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P=Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

結果集:

LastName FirstName OrderNo
Adams John 22456
Adams John 24562
Carter Thomas 77895
Carter Thomas 44678
Bush George
34764