1. 程式人生 > >Python系統學習第六課

Python系統學習第六課

#變數作用域
·全域性作用域
·區域性作用域

#提升區域性變數為全域性變數
·使用global 在區域性變數前加上global

def fun():
    global a
    a = 100

fun()   #這裡必須要呼叫函式嗎?如果沒有的話,為什麼不能直接輸出a的值?
print(a)

100
def fun():
    global a = 100   #好像並不能這樣賦值
fun()
print(a)
  File "<ipython-input-10-b4dcd9059e12>", line 2
    global a = 100   #好像並不能這樣賦值
             ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

#globals,locals函式
·可以通過這兩個函式,顯示出區域性變數和全域性變數

#eval()函式
·把一個字串當成一個表示式來執行,返回執行後的結果
·語法 eval(string code, globals=None, locals=None)
#exec()函式
·跟和eval函式類似,執行表示式,但是不能返回結果
·語法 exec(string code, globals=None, locals=None))

x = 100
y = 200
z = eval("x+y")
print(z)
300
x = 100
y = 200
z = exec("x+y")
print
(z)
None
x = 100
y = 200
z = eval("print('x+y=',x+y)")
print(z)
x+y 300
None

#遞迴函式
·函式呼叫自身
·優點:簡潔,高效
·python中對遞迴深度有限制,超過限制報錯
·注意結束條件

x = 0
def fun():
    global x
    x += 1
    print(x)
    fun()
fun()
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RecursionError                            Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-18-c9b6f519517c> in <module>()
      6     print(x)
      7     fun()
----> 8 fun()


<ipython-input-18-c9b6f519517c> in fun()
      5     x += 1
      6     print(x)
----> 7     fun()
      8 fun()


... last 1 frames repeated, from the frame below ...


<ipython-input-18-c9b6f519517c> in fun()
      5     x += 1
      6     print(x)
----> 7     fun()
      8 fun()


RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded in comparison

#內建資料結構(變數型別)

  • list
  • set
  • dict
  • tuple

#列表

  • 一組有順序的資料組合
#列表
a = [100, 200, 300]
print(a)
type(a)
[100, 200, 300]





list
a = list():建立列表
type(a)
list
#查詢列表索引,從0開始
a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
print(a[2])
3
#分片操作
print(a[2:6])#不包含左邊,只包含右邊
print(a[2:])
print(a[:4])
[3, 4, 5, 6]
[3, 4, 5, 6]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
#負數為下標
print(a[-4:-1])  #為負數表示,從右往左
print(a[-1:-4])  #正常情況下,左邊比右邊的數小
print(a[-1:-4:-1])  #如果一定要左邊比右邊的大,就需要將步長設定為負數
[3, 4, 5]
[]
[6, 5, 4]

分片操作是生成一個新的list

  • 內建函式id, 負責顯示一個變數或者資料的唯一確定編號
a = 100
b = 200
c = a
print(id(a))
print(id(b))
print(id(c))

a = 300
print(id(a))
print(id(c))
1908570272
1908573472
1908570272
1300341147984
1908570272