1. 程式人生 > >JPA中的could not initialize proxy

JPA中的could not initialize proxy

引言: JPA是一種非常流行和常用的持久化框架標準,其下可以對接若干種不同的實現,在不同的父子表管理中,經常會碰到no Session的問題,該如何解決呢?

1. 問題的引出

  在進行基於JPA的單元測試中,我們使用JUnit來進行測試資料庫的關聯表資訊讀取,結果得到如下錯誤資訊:

org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.rain.wx.meal.model.DishCategory.dishes, could not initialize proxy - no Session
	at org.hibernate.collection.internal.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationException(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:587)
	at org.hibernate.collection.internal.AbstractPersistentCollection.withTemporarySessionIfNeeded(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:204)
	at org.hibernate.collection.internal.AbstractPersistentCollection.initialize(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:566)
	at org.hibernate.collection.internal.AbstractPersistentCollection.read(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:135)
	at org.hibernate.collection.internal.PersistentBag.get(PersistentBag.java:449)
	at com.rain.wx.meal.service.DishServiceTest.testDishes(DishServiceTest.java:86)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:252)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
    經過分析,其中的關鍵詞是: could not initialize proxy - no Session; 基於JPA的實現來分析,就是在進行資料庫訪問之時,當前針對資料庫的訪問與操作session已經關閉且釋放了,故提示no Session可用。

2.  程式碼實現分析

    讓我們來看看具體的程式碼吧

@Entity
@Table(name="dish_category")
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=false)
@JsonRootName(value="category") 
public class DishCategory extends BaseEntity {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -7189824224534351030L;

	@Column
	private String name;
	
	@Column
	private String description;
	
	
	@OneToMany
	@JoinColumn(name="category_id",referencedColumnName="id")
	private List<MealDish> dishes;
}
  另外一個實體Bean為MealDish, 其程式碼為:
@Entity
@Table(name = "dish")
@JsonRootName(value="dish") 
//@Lazy(value=false)
public class MealDish extends BaseEntity {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -3982356728880195795L;

	@Column
	private String name;

	@Column
	private float price;

	@Column(name = "img_url")
	private String imgUrl;

	@Column(name="category_id")
	private long categoryId;

	@Column
	private boolean active;

	// 銷售數量
	@Column
	private int soldCount;
        .......
}
其中Repository/Service的程式碼分別如下: 
@Service
public class DishServiceImpl implements DishService { 
       @Transactional
	@Override
	public List<DishCategory> getDishCategory() {
		return this.dishCategoryRepo.findAll();
	}
   ........
 }
Repository相關的程式碼都是空程式碼,無實際的實現,這裡再次忽略。

單元測試的程式碼內容:

 @Test
    public void testDishes() throws JsonProcessingException {
    	ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    	
    	List<DishCategory> categories = this.dishService.getDishCategory();
    	
    	for (DishCategory category  : categories) {
    	    // log.debug(String.valueOf(category.getDishes().get(0)));	
    	}
    	
    	String jsonStr = mapper.writeValueAsString(categories);
    	
    	log.info(jsonStr);
    }
3. 問題分析

  基於對Hibernate和JPA的理解,在ORM中,其為了提升效能使用了Lazy載入,就是在使用的時候,才會載入額外的資料,故導致了在使用之時再載入資料之時, session失效的問題出現。所以問題的目標點實現提前載入資料。

4. 問題的解決

    嘗試1:  在Service方法中新增了@Transactional進行事務新增

    結果1:  無效

   嘗試2: 在@OneToMany的方法上,使用@Lazy(false)

    結果2:  無效

    嘗試3: 在@OneToMany的引數中使用fetch=FetchType=Eager

    結果3:   問題解決

    嘗試4: 在application.properties的配置檔案中新增spring.jpa.open-in-view=true

    結果4: 問題解決

   方法3的正確的程式碼內容:

@Entity
@Table(name="dish_category")
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=false)
@JsonRootName(value="category") 
public class DishCategory extends BaseEntity {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -7189824224534351030L;

	@Column
	private String name;
	
	@Column
	private String description;
	
	
	@OneToMany(fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
	@JoinColumn(name="category_id",referencedColumnName="id")
	private List<MealDish> dishes;
}

方法4的解釋與說明:

   這個設定選項:

spring.jpa.open-in-view=true
  其實是之前的openEntityManagerInViewInterceptor,解決在Spring MVC與JPA之間Session的宣告週期問題

5. 總結

    核心問題在於解決延遲載入為及時載入,及時載入會消耗一定的資源,將其程式的效能,請注意這個問題。