python 2-2 如何為元組中的每個元素命名, 提高程式可讀性-collections.namedtuple
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-05
解決方案:
1.使用下標 定義類似其語言的列舉型別,也就是定義一系列的數值常量
NAME,AGE,SEX,EMAIL=xrange(4)
student=(‘jim’,16,’male’,’[email protected]’)
print student[EMAIL]
2.使用關鍵字namedtuple 替代內建的tuple
from collections import namedtuple
Person = namedtuple('Person',['name','age','sex','email'])
person1 = Person("xiaowang" ,55,1,'[email protected]')
print person1.email
import collections
dir(collections)
['Callable', 'Container', 'Counter', 'Hashable', 'ItemsView', 'Iterable', 'Iterator', 'KeysView', 'Mapping', 'MappingView', 'MutableMapping', 'MutableSequence', 'MutableSet', 'OrderedDict', 'Sequence', 'Set', 'Sized' , 'ValuesView', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '_abcoll', '_chain', '_get_ident', '_heapq', '_iskeyword', '_itemgetter', '_repeat', '_starmap', '_sys', 'defaultdict', 'deque', 'namedtuple']
>>>
>>> help(collections.namedtuple)
Help on function namedtuple in module collections:
namedtuple(typename, field_names, verbose=False, rename=False)
Returns a new subclass of tuple with named fields.
>>> Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y')
>>> Point.__doc__ # docstring for the new class
'Point(x, y)'
>>> p = Point(11, y=22) # instantiate with positional args or keywords
>>> p[0] + p[1] # indexable like a plain tuple
33
>>> x, y = p # unpack like a regular tuple
>>> x, y
(11, 22)
>>> p.x + p.y # fields also accessable by name
33
>>> d = p._asdict() # convert to a dictionary
>>> d['x']
11
>>> Point(**d) # convert from a dictionary
Point(x=11, y=22)
>>> p._replace(x=100) # _replace() is like str.replace() but targets named fields
Point(x=100, y=22)
def namedtuple(typename, field_names, verbose=False,
rename=False):
"""Returns a new subclass of tuple with named fields.
>>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
>>> Point.__doc__ # docstring for the new class
'Point(x, y)'
>>> p = Point(11, y=22) # instantiate with positional
args or keywords
>>> p[0] + p[1] # indexable like a plain tuple
33
>>> x, y = p # unpack like a regular tuple
>>> x, y
(11, 22)
>>> p.x + p.y # fields also accessable by name
33
>>> d = p._asdict() # convert to a dictionary
>>> d['x']
11
>>> Point(**d) # convert from a dictionary
Point(x=11, y=22)
>>> p._replace(x=100) # _replace() is like str.replace()
but targets named fields
Point(x=100, y=22)
方案1:
t = range(4)
t2 = xrange(4)
NAME,AGE,SEX,EMAIL = xrange(4)
print NAME,AGE,SEX,EMAIL
person = ('weihuap',23,1,'[email protected]')
print person[NAME]
方案2:
from collections import namedtuple
Person = namedtuple('Person',['name','age','sex','email'])
person1 = Person("xiaowang",55,1,'[email protected]')
print person1.email
person2 = person1._replace(email="[email protected]")
print person1.email
print person2.email
dperson = person1._asdict()
print dperson['email']
dict1 = {'age':185,'email':'[email protected]','sex':2,'name':'xiaoming'}
tuple1 = Person(**dict1)
print tuple1.name