linux下搭建nginx+uwsgi+django環境（一)
nginx是什麼？
uwsgi是什麼？
django又是什麼？
不做過多的解釋，有不明白的朋友們自行學習吧。此篇只講環境搭建及解決環境搭建過程中遇到的問題。
作業系統：centos 7
登入使用者：root
第一步，安裝python
本例中使用的是django2.0，而django2.0不支援python2，所以只能安裝python3了，本例以python3.6.5為例。
1、安裝python3的依賴包openssl-devel
python3的pip3需要ssl，如果不安裝openssl-devel依賴包，則pip3無法執行成功。
在控制檯執行命令：
yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel libffi-devel -y
執行結果如下：
Verifying : e2fsprogs-libs-1.42.9-12.el7_5.x86_64 13/39 Verifying : systemd-libs-219-57.el7_5.1.x86_64 14/39 Verifying : lz4-1.7.5-2.el7.x86_64 15/39 Verifying : libsepol-devel-2.5-8.1.el7.x86_64 16/39 Verifying : krb5-libs-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64 17/39 Verifying : libsepol-2.5-8.1.el7.x86_64 18/39 Verifying : libcom_err-1.42.9-12.el7_5.x86_64 19/39 Verifying : systemd-sysv-219-57.el7_5.1.x86_64 20/39 Verifying : libselinux-2.5-12.el7.x86_64 21/39 Verifying : libselinux-utils-2.5-12.el7.x86_64 22/39 Verifying : libkadm5-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64 23/39 Verifying : 1:openssl-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64 24/39 Verifying : libselinux-utils-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 25/39 Verifying : libcom_err-1.42.9-7.el7.x86_64 26/39 Verifying : systemd-219-19.el7_2.11.x86_64 27/39 Verifying : 1:openssl-libs-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64 28/39 Verifying : libgudev1-219-19.el7_2.11.x86_64 29/39 Verifying : systemd-libs-219-19.el7_2.11.x86_64 30/39 Verifying : e2fsprogs-1.42.9-7.el7.x86_64 31/39 Verifying : e2fsprogs-libs-1.42.9-7.el7.x86_64 32/39 Verifying : libsepol-2.1.9-3.el7.x86_64 33/39 Verifying : 1:openssl-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64 34/39 Verifying : libselinux-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 35/39 Verifying : systemd-sysv-219-19.el7_2.11.x86_64 36/39 Verifying : libselinux-python-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 37/39 Verifying : libss-1.42.9-7.el7.x86_64 38/39 Verifying : krb5-libs-1.13.2-12.el7_2.x86_64 39/39 Installed: openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 Dependency Installed: keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5 libkadm5.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-12.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-8.1.el7 libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 lz4.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7 Updated: systemd.x86_64 0:219-57.el7_5.1 Dependency Updated: e2fsprogs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5 e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5 krb5-libs.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7 libcom_err.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5 libgudev1.x86_64 0:219-57.el7_5.1 libselinux.x86_64 0:2.5-12.el7 libselinux-python.x86_64 0:2.5-12.el7 libselinux-utils.x86_64 0:2.5-12.el7 libsepol.x86_64 0:2.5-8.1.el7 libss.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5 openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-57.el7_5.1 systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-57.el7_5.1 Complete!
說明openssl-devel已經安裝成功了，一般情況下，只要yum 源配置好了，登入使用者有許可權，就可以安裝成功。
2、安裝python3.6.5
2.2、解壓.tar.xz包（需要預先安裝xz工具）：tar -xJvf Python-3.6.5.tar.xz
切換到解壓後的目錄：cd Python3.6.5
2.3、執行配置命令：./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-optimizations
checking for %zd printf() format support... yes
checking for socklen_t... yes
checking for broken mbstowcs... no
checking for --with-computed-gotos... no value specified
checking whether gcc -pthread supports computed gotos... yes
checking for build directories... done
checking for -O2... yes
checking for glibc _FORTIFY_SOURCE/memmove bug... no
checking for gcc ipa-pure-const bug... no
checking for stdatomic.h... no
checking for GCC >= 4.7 __atomic builtins... yes
checking for ensurepip... upgrade
checking if the dirent structure of a d_type field... yes
checking for the Linux getrandom() syscall... yes
checking for the getrandom() function... no
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile.pre
config.status: creating Modules/Setup.config
config.status: creating Misc/python.pc
config.status: creating Misc/python-config.sh
config.status: creating Modules/ld_so_aix
config.status: creating pyconfig.h
creating Modules/Setup
creating Modules/Setup.local
creating Makefile當看到"creating Makefile"的時候，配置就成功了，在當前目錄已經生成了Makefile檔案
2.4、編譯並安裝：make -j4 && make install
說明：1、-j4指示make在編譯的時候使用4執行緒（編譯速度比make要快很多)，如果你的cpu支援8核，則可使用make -j8 &&make install
2、這是一個比較漫長的過程，因為編譯完成後執行了單元測試，一共有406個單元測試
(cd /usr/lib/pkgconfig; ln -s python-3.6.pc python3.pc)
rm -f /usr/bin/idle3
(cd /usr/bin; ln -s idle3.6 idle3)
rm -f /usr/bin/pydoc3
(cd /usr/bin; ln -s pydoc3.6 pydoc3)
rm -f /usr/bin/2to3
(cd /usr/bin; ln -s 2to3-3.6 2to3)
rm -f /usr/bin/pyvenv
(cd /usr/bin; ln -s pyvenv-3.6 pyvenv)
if test "x" != "x" ; then \
rm -f /usr/bin/python3-32; \
(cd /usr/bin; ln -s python3.6-32 python3-32) \
fi
rm -f /usr/share/man/man1/python3.1
(cd /usr/share/man/man1; ln -s python3.6.1 python3.1)
if test "xupgrade" != "xno" ; then \
case upgrade in \
upgrade) ensurepip="--upgrade" ;; \
install|*) ensurepip="" ;; \
esac; \
./python -E -m ensurepip \
$ensurepip --root=/ ; \
fi
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-9.0.3 setuptools-39.0.1最終，成功安裝。
3、進行簡單的測試
3.1、執行命令“python3 --version”來驗證安裝的正確性，如果安裝正確，則會在控制檯輸出:Python 3.6.5
3.2、執行命令“pip3 search django"來驗證pip3能否正常工作。
注：安裝python3的時候，pip3也會捎帶著安裝到系統中，所以不需要額外的安裝pip3了。
第二步，安裝python虛擬環境——virtualenv
此步不是必須的，如果你的環境安裝了多個版本的python環境(python2.7、python3.4、python3.6)，則需要隔離不同python版本的依賴包，否則會出問題，此時就需要安裝virtualenv虛擬環境了，如下：
1、執行安裝命令：pip3 install virtualenv
Collecting virtualenv
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b6/30/96a02b2287098b23b875bc8c2f58071c35d2efe84f747b64d523721dc2b5/virtualenv-16.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.9MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.9MB 287kB/s
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Successfully installed virtualenv-16.0.0安裝成功。
2、測試是否安裝成功
2.1、建立一個工程目錄：mkdir rms
2.2、在test目錄，建立一個獨立的python執行環境：virtualenv --no-site-packages env
[[email protected] rms]# virtualenv --no-site-packages env
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in /root/download/test/env/bin/python3.6
Also creating executable in /root/download/test/env/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.2.3、進入python虛擬環境：source venv/bin/activate
[[email protected] rms]# source env/bin/activate
(env) [[email protected] test]#注意：[[email protected] test]前面的“(env)”，這程式碼已經進入到python的虛擬環境了。
2.4、離開虛擬環境：deactivate
如果測試均成功，則完成了virtualenv的安裝。
第三步，安裝django及django需要的元件
1、首選，安裝django框架依賴的mysqlclient的依賴包：
yum install python-devel -y #安裝python開發工具包
yum install mysql-devel -y #安裝mysql開發工具包
yum install gcc -y #安裝gcc開發工具包
當然，也可以使用一條命令完成三個庫的安裝：yum install python-devel mysql-devel gcc -y
2、使用vi或vim建立requirements.txt，然後輸入以下內容：
Django==2.0
mysqlclient==1.3.13
pytz==2018.5
uwsgi
並儲存。主要是安裝django2.0、mysqlclient1.3.13、pytz2018.5和uwsgi等
3、進入rms的virtualenv虛擬環境，執行命令：
pip install -r requirements.txt
安裝requirements.txt檔案中指定相應版本的依賴包
(env) [[email protected] rms]# pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting Django==2.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/44/98/35b935a98a17e9a188efc2d53fc51ae0c8bf498a77bc224f9321ae5d111c/Django-2.0-py3-none-any.whl (7.1MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 7.1MB 283kB/s
Collecting mysqlclient==1.3.13 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/fd/83329b9d3e14f7344d1cb31f128e6dbba70c5975c9e57896815dbb1988ad/mysqlclient-1.3.13.tar.gz (90kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 251kB/s
Collecting pytz==2018.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/30/4e/27c34b62430286c6d59177a0842ed90dc789ce5d1ed740887653b898779a/pytz-2018.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (510kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 512kB 282kB/s
Collecting uwsgi (from -r requirements.txt (line 4))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a2/c9/a2d5737f63cd9df4317a4acc15d1ddf4952e28398601d8d7d706c16381e0/uwsgi-2.0.17.1.tar.gz (800kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 808kB 316kB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient, uwsgi
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for mysqlclient ... done
Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/71/9b/6f/a8c79bceb4a35f4acf49363883f958f31b113470a3b504df87
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for uwsgi ... done
Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/32/d6/90/0239cc69219013d9f402b098b7c5ef7454792c21acd1d6c24e
Successfully built mysqlclient uwsgi
Installing collected packages: pytz, Django, mysqlclient, uwsgi
Successfully installed Django-2.0 mysqlclient-1.3.13 pytz-2018.5 uwsgi-2.0.17.14、測試是否安裝成功：
在虛擬環境，執行python，執行如下命令：
(env) [[email protected] rms]# python
Python 3.6.5 (default, Sep 17 2018, 15:01:45)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.VERSION
(2, 0, 0, 'final', 0)
>>>能夠匯入django並顯示django的版本，則證明django已經安裝成功。