1. 程式人生 > >手動建立TypeScript+Angular2專案的方式執行HelloWorld

手動建立TypeScript+Angular2專案的方式執行HelloWorld

1、首先建立一個專案資料夾為:angular2-webapp,如下圖所示:

2、然後在該檔案下建立一個package.json檔案,此檔案是npm管理包的檔案,可以通過此檔案的配置安裝相應的包,如下程式碼所示:

{
  "name": "angular2-webapp",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "scripts": {
    "ng": "ng",
    "start": "ng serve",
    "build": "ng build",
    "test": "ng test",
    "lint": "ng lint",
    "e2e": "ng e2e"
  },
  "private": true,
  "dependencies": {
    "@angular/animations": "~7.1.0",
    "@angular/common": "~7.1.0",
    "@angular/compiler": "~7.1.0",
    "@angular/core": "~7.1.0",
    "@angular/forms": "~7.1.0",
    "@angular/platform-browser": "~7.1.0",
    "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "~7.1.0",
    "@angular/router": "~7.1.0",
    "core-js": "^2.5.4",
    "rxjs": "~6.3.3",
    "tslib": "^1.9.0",
    "zone.js": "~0.8.26"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@angular-devkit/build-angular": "~0.11.0",
    "@angular/cli": "~7.1.0",
    "@angular/compiler-cli": "~7.1.0",
    "@angular/language-service": "~7.1.0",
    "@types/node": "~8.9.4",
    "@types/jasmine": "~2.8.8",
    "@types/jasminewd2": "~2.0.3",
    "codelyzer": "~4.5.0",
    "jasmine-core": "~2.99.1",
    "jasmine-spec-reporter": "~4.2.1",
    "karma": "~3.1.1",
    "karma-chrome-launcher": "~2.2.0",
    "karma-coverage-istanbul-reporter": "~2.0.1",
    "karma-jasmine": "~1.1.2",
    "karma-jasmine-html-reporter": "^0.2.2",
    "protractor": "~5.4.0",
    "ts-node": "~7.0.0",
    "tslint": "~5.11.0",
    "typescript": "~3.1.6"
  }
}

3、建立好檔案之後該目錄只有一個檔案,如下圖所示:

4、開啟dos視窗進入到該目錄中,然後執行npm install即可安裝依賴包,如下圖所示:

5、下載完成後,如果沒出現錯誤說明安裝成功,如下圖所示:

6、下載完後的目錄如下圖所示:

7、新建一個angular.json檔案,此檔案是配置angular的目錄結構對應的檔案,包括index.html,main.ts等,檔案內容如下:

{
	"$schema": "./node_modules/@angular/cli/lib/config/schema.json",
	"version": 1,
	"newProjectRoot": "projects",
	"projects": {
		"angular2-webapp": {
			"root": "",
			"sourceRoot": "src",
			"projectType": "application",
			"prefix": "app",
			"schematics": {},
			"architect": {
				"build": {
					"builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:browser",
					"options": {
						"index": "src/index.html",
						"main": "src/main.ts",
						"tsConfig": "src/tsconfig.app.json",
					}
				},
				"serve": {
					"builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:dev-server",
					"options": {
						"browserTarget": "angular2-webapp:build"
					},
					"configurations": {
						"production": {
							"browserTarget": "angular2-webapp:build:production"
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	},
	"defaultProject": "angular2-webapp"
}

8、在該配置檔案需要一個src目錄,在src目錄有3個檔案,分別是index.html(主頁)、main.ts程式入口檔案、tsConfig.app.json(typescript編譯所需的配置檔案),如下圖所示:

9、建立一個src檔案,如下圖所示:

10、然後分別建立三個檔案:index.html、main.ts、tsConfig.app.json,如下圖所示:

11、main.ts檔案內容為:

12、index.html內容如下圖所示:

13、tsConfig.app.json檔案如下所示:

14、然後在angular2-webapp執行ng serve,會提示錯誤,如下圖所示:

15、出現錯誤的原因是在angular.json檔案中缺少outputPath,只需要新增即可,如下圖所示:

16、然後執行ng serve --open,即可開始編譯ts檔案,如下圖所示:

17、在執行時出現錯誤說是找不到AppModule,這是由於在main.ts檔案中不存在AppModule,如下圖所示:

18、然後將AppModule更換成AppComponent,如下圖所示:

19、然後重新編譯執行,在瀏覽器中會出現NgModule錯誤,這是由於AppComponent必須在NgModule中,也就是說AppComponent以模組的方式存在,如下圖所示:

20、在src中建立一個app目錄,並在該目錄中建立一個app.component.ts,如下圖所示:

21、app.component.ts檔案內容如下:

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({//使用@Component裝飾器來定義一個AppComponent元件,Component元件是建立使用者介面的主要元件
  selector: 'app',//元件標籤,定義之後就可以在html檔案中使用<app></app>直接使用該元件了
  template: '<h1>Hello {{title}}',
})
export class AppComponent {
  title = 'World';//標題
}

22、然後在main.ts檔案中更改為:

import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';//匯入NgModule,NgModule是我們組織Angular應用所必須的
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';//匯入BrowserModule,匯入 BrowserModule 是因為它提供了啟動和執行瀏覽器應用的那些基本的服務提供商.
import { AppComponent } from 'app/app.component';

@NgModule({//我們在 @NgModule 的元資料中配置我們匯入的模組,因為我們需要依賴 BrowserModule 所以我們在 imports 中添加了它,然後我們又在 declarations 和 bootstrap 選項中添加了 AppComponent 元件.
  declarations: [
    AppComponent//在 declarations添加了 AppComponent 元件
  ],
  imports: [
    BrowserModule
  ],
  providers: [],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent]//bootstrap選項中添加了 AppComponent 元件
})
export class AppModule { }
platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule).catch(err => console.error(err));

23、然後重新編譯,在瀏覽器中出現沒有Zone.js檔案,如下圖所示:

24、出現此問題可以通過在angular.json檔案中新增polyfills項,並指向一個polyfills.ts,如下圖所示:

25、polyfills.ts檔案主要是在匯入一些包,如下程式碼所示:

/**
 * This file includes polyfills needed by Angular and is loaded before the app.
 * You can add your own extra polyfills to this file.
 *
 * This file is divided into 2 sections:
 *   1. Browser polyfills. These are applied before loading ZoneJS and are sorted by browsers.
 *   2. Application imports. Files imported after ZoneJS that should be loaded before your main
 *      file.
 *
 * The current setup is for so-called "evergreen" browsers; the last versions of browsers that
 * automatically update themselves. This includes Safari >= 10, Chrome >= 55 (including Opera),
 * Edge >= 13 on the desktop, and iOS 10 and Chrome on mobile.
 *
 * Learn more in https://angular.io/guide/browser-support
 */

/***************************************************************************************************
 * BROWSER POLYFILLS
 */

/** IE9, IE10 and IE11 requires all of the following polyfills. **/
// import 'core-js/es6/symbol';
// import 'core-js/es6/object';
// import 'core-js/es6/function';
// import 'core-js/es6/parse-int';
// import 'core-js/es6/parse-float';
// import 'core-js/es6/number';
// import 'core-js/es6/math';
// import 'core-js/es6/string';
// import 'core-js/es6/date';
// import 'core-js/es6/array';
// import 'core-js/es6/regexp';
// import 'core-js/es6/map';
// import 'core-js/es6/weak-map';
// import 'core-js/es6/set';

/**
 * If the application will be indexed by Google Search, the following is required.
 * Googlebot uses a renderer based on Chrome 41.
 * https://developers.google.com/search/docs/guides/rendering
 **/
// import 'core-js/es6/array';

/** IE10 and IE11 requires the following for NgClass support on SVG elements */
// import 'classlist.js';  // Run `npm install --save classlist.js`.

/** IE10 and IE11 requires the following for the Reflect API. */
// import 'core-js/es6/reflect';

/**
 * Web Animations `@angular/platform-browser/animations`
 * Only required if AnimationBuilder is used within the application and using IE/Edge or Safari.
 * Standard animation support in Angular DOES NOT require any polyfills (as of Angular 6.0).
 **/
// import 'web-animations-js';  // Run `npm install --save web-animations-js`.

/**
 * By default, zone.js will patch all possible macroTask and DomEvents
 * user can disable parts of macroTask/DomEvents patch by setting following flags
 */

 // (window as any).__Zone_disable_requestAnimationFrame = true; // disable patch requestAnimationFrame
 // (window as any).__Zone_disable_on_property = true; // disable patch onProperty such as onclick
 // (window as any).__zone_symbol__BLACK_LISTED_EVENTS = ['scroll', 'mousemove']; // disable patch specified eventNames

 /*
 * in IE/Edge developer tools, the addEventListener will also be wrapped by zone.js
 * with the following flag, it will bypass `zone.js` patch for IE/Edge
 */
// (window as any).__Zone_enable_cross_context_check = true;

/***************************************************************************************************
 * Zone JS is required by default for Angular itself.
 */
import 'zone.js/dist/zone';  // Included with Angular CLI.


/***************************************************************************************************
 * APPLICATION IMPORTS
 */

26、再次重新ng serve --open,如下圖所示:

27、此時在瀏覽器中執行成功,如下圖所示: