java實現標準化考試系統詳解(二)-----資料庫、資料表的規劃和題庫增刪改查
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-06
(一)、資料庫、資料表的規劃
首先我們需要考慮一下作為考試系統我們需要哪些資料，這些資料將以後作為欄位值出現。
我們先來看看這張圖：
圖中框起來的部分基本上就是我們需要的資料，細數數就是：
1.試題序號，它作為主鍵出現不可以重複(id)
2.適用工程，可以理解為這個題適用於哪個學科(adaptEngineering)
3.難易度(complexity)
4.試題型別，用來區分是單選題還是多選題或者是判斷題(type)
5.試題內容(content)
6.圖片名稱,如果這道題帶圖片則需要錄入圖片名稱(pic)
7.選項A,B,C,D的內容(a,b,c,d)
8.正確答案(answer)
這張圖雖然體現的是選擇題資料，但是判斷題其實和它的資料差不多，我們可以讓判斷題的A,B選項內容始終為正確、錯誤,因此C,D兩個部分不填入內容即可，其他完全和選擇題相同。
（二）、具體實現：
1.建立資料庫並與其建立連線：
Connection con; PreparedStatement ppStatement; String sql=""; //建立名為Examination的資料庫 String url="jdbc:derby:Examination;create=true"; try{ con=DriverManager.getConnection(url); //建立名為Question的表 sql ="create table Question"+ "(id int primary key not null,"+ "adaptEngineering varchar(20)," + "complexity varchar(20),"+ "type int,"+ "content varchar(500),"+ "pic varchar(300),"+ "a varchar(300),"+ "b varchar(300),"+ "c varchar(300),"+ "d varchar(300),"+ "answer varchar(20))"; ppStatement=con.prepareStatement(sql); ppStatement.executeUpdate(); con.close(); }catch(SQLException exception) { System.out.println(exception); }
2.新增試題
sql="insert into Question values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"; id=Integer.valueOf(mView.mQuestionID.getText().trim()); ppStatement=con.prepareStatement(sql); ppStatement.setInt(1,id); //向資料庫中寫入該題id ppStatement.setString(2,mView.mApplicable.getText().trim());//寫入適用工程 ppStatement.setString(3, mView.mComplexityBox.getSelectedItem().toString());//複雜度 ppStatement.setInt(4,type);//試題型別 ppStatement.setString(5,mView.mContext.getText().trim()); //試題內容 ppStatement.setString(6,mView.mPictureName.getText().trim()); //圖片名字(可為空，為空表示無圖) ppStatement.setString(7,mView.inputA.getText().trim()); //a選項內容 ppStatement.setString(8,mView.inputB.getText().trim()); //b選項內容 ppStatement.setString(9,mView.inputC.getText().trim()); //c選項內容 ppStatement.setString(10,mView.inputD.getText().trim());//d選項內容 ppStatement.setString(11,mAnswer);//答案 isSucceed=ppStatement.executeUpdate();//提交資料 con.close();//關閉與資料庫連線
3.還需要一個工具類PreQuery類，他負責從資料庫中獲取欄位值和我們想要查詢的資料，我們可以通過他來檢視資料是否被插入到表中
public class PreQuery {
String databaseName;//資料庫名稱
String SQL;//需要執行的sql語句
String[] columnName;//欄位值
String[][] record;//讀取記錄儲存在二維陣列中
Connection con;
PreparedStatement preSql;
ResultSet rs;//結果集
public PreQuery(){
try
{
Class.forName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
}catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
public void setDatabaseName(String name)
{
databaseName=name.trim();
}
public void setSQL(String SQL)
{
this.SQL=SQL.trim();
}
public String[] getColumnName()
{
return columnName;
}
public String[][] getRecord()
{
return record;
}
public void startQuery()
{
try{
String url="jdbc:derby:"+databaseName+" ;create=true";
con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
//設定遊標可以隨意跳轉，這樣可以實現從任意一行讀取資料
preSql=con.prepareStatement(SQL,ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
rs=preSql.executeQuery();//將執行結果放入結果集
ResultSetMetaData metaData=rs.getMetaData();
int ziduanNum=metaData.getColumnCount();//得到欄位個數
columnName=new String[ziduanNum];
for(int i=1;i<=ziduanNum;i++)
{
columnName[i-1]=metaData.getColumnName(i);
}
rs.last();
int dataNum=rs.getRow();//得到表中共有多少行記錄
rs.beforeFirst();
int i=0;
record=new String[dataNum][ziduanNum];
while(rs.next())
{
for(int j=1;j<=ziduanNum;j++)
{
record[i][j-1]=rs.getString(j);//讀取所有記錄
}
i++;
}
con.close();
}catch(SQLException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
4.還需要一個具有表格的Dialog用來展示剛剛獲取到的資料
public class DialogOne extends JDialog {
JTable table;
String ziduan[];
String record[][];
public DialogOne() {
setTitle("顯示記錄");
setBounds(400,200,600,300);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
}
public void setZiduan(String []ziduan){
this.ziduan=ziduan;
}
public void setRecord(String [][]record){
this.record=record;
}
public void init() {
table = new JTable(record,ziduan);
add(new JScrollPane(table));
}
}
5.選擇題管理檢視類AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView
public class AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView extends JPanel {
JTextField mQuestionID; //輸入試題編號
JTextField mApplicable; //適用工程
JTextArea mContext; //輸入試題內容
JTextField mPictureName; //輸入圖片名字
JTextField inputA; //輸入選擇a
JTextField inputB; //輸入選擇b
JTextField inputC; //輸入選擇c
JTextField inputD; //輸入選擇d
JRadioButton[] mMultiselectBN;//多選題按鈕
JButton submitButton; //提交按鈕
JComboBox<String> mOperate;//操作型別下拉選項
JComboBox<String> mType;//試題型別下拉選項
JComboBox<String> mAnswerBox;//答案選擇框
JComboBox<String> mComplexityBox;//難度選擇框
AddAndUpdateHandle handle;//該檢視的資料處理類
AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView()
{
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
submitButton=new JButton("提交");
mQuestionID=new JTextField(10);
mApplicable=new JTextField(10);
mContext=new JTextArea(8,40);
JScrollPane js=new JScrollPane(mContext);
mPictureName=new JTextField(10);
inputA=new JTextField(50);
inputB=new JTextField(50);
inputC=new JTextField(50);
inputD=new JTextField(50);
JLabel mComboBoxJLabel=new JLabel("請選擇操作型別：");
mOperate=new JComboBox<String>();
mOperate.addItem("請選擇");
mOperate.addItem("新增試題");
mOperate.addItem("更新試題");
add(mComboBoxJLabel);
add(mOperate);
mComboBoxJLabel.setBounds(5, 85, 150, 35);
mOperate.setBounds(1, 115, 150, 35);
JLabel mTypeLabel=new JLabel("請選試題型別：");
mType=new JComboBox<String>();
mType.addItem("請選擇");
mType.addItem("單項選擇");
mType.addItem("多項選擇");
add(mTypeLabel);
add(mType);
mTypeLabel.setBounds(5, 140, 150, 35);
mType.setBounds(1, 170, 150, 35);
JLabel mIdLabel =new JLabel("試題號：(必填且不允許重複)");
add(mIdLabel);
add(mQuestionID);
mIdLabel.setBounds(5,5,165,35);
mQuestionID.setBounds(170,5,585,35);
JLabel mApplicableLabel=new JLabel("適用工程：");
add(mApplicableLabel);
add(mApplicable);
mApplicableLabel.setBounds(5,415,150,35);
mApplicable.setBounds(155,415,600,35);
JLabel mComplexityLabel=new JLabel("請選擇難易程度：");
mComplexityBox=new JComboBox<String>();
mComplexityBox.addItem("A");
mComplexityBox.addItem("B");
mComplexityBox.addItem("C");
mComplexityBox.addItem("D");
add(mComplexityLabel);
add(mComplexityBox);
mComplexityLabel.setBounds(320, 455, 150, 35);
mComplexityBox.setBounds(480, 455, 150, 35);
JLabel mContextLabel=new JLabel("試題內容：");
add(mContextLabel);
add(js);
mContextLabel.setBounds(5,45,150,35);
js.setBounds(155,45,600,160);
JLabel mPicNameLabel=new JLabel("圖片名稱：");
add(mPicNameLabel);
add(mPictureName);
mPicNameLabel.setBounds(5,210,150,35);
mPictureName.setBounds(155,210,600,35);
JLabel tishiA =new JLabel("選項A");
add(tishiA);
add(inputA);
JLabel tishiB =new JLabel("選項B:");
add(tishiB);
add(inputB);
JLabel tishiC =new JLabel("選項C:");
add(tishiC);
add(inputC);
JLabel tishiD =new JLabel("選項D:");
add(tishiD);
add(inputD);
JLabel mAnswerLabel =new JLabel("請選擇單選題正確答案:");
mAnswerBox=new JComboBox<String>();
mAnswerBox.addItem("A");
mAnswerBox.addItem("B");
mAnswerBox.addItem("C");
mAnswerBox.addItem("D");
add(mAnswerLabel);
add(mAnswerBox);
tishiA.setBounds(5,255,150,35);
inputA.setBounds(155,255,600,35);
tishiB.setBounds(5,295,150,35);
inputB.setBounds(155,295,600,35);
tishiC.setBounds(5,335,150,35);
inputC.setBounds(155,335,600,35);
tishiD.setBounds(5,375,150,35);
inputD.setBounds(155,375,600,35);
mAnswerLabel.setBounds(5, 455, 150, 35);
mAnswerBox.setBounds(155, 455, 150, 35);
JLabel multiselectlJLabel=new JLabel("請選擇多選題答案：");
mMultiselectBN=new JRadioButton[4];
mMultiselectBN[0]=new JRadioButton("A");
mMultiselectBN[1]=new JRadioButton("B");
mMultiselectBN[2]=new JRadioButton("C");
mMultiselectBN[3]=new JRadioButton("D");
multiselectlJLabel.setBounds(5,500,150,35);
mMultiselectBN[0].setBounds(160, 500, 50, 35);
mMultiselectBN[1].setBounds(220, 500, 50, 35);
mMultiselectBN[2].setBounds(280, 500, 50, 35);
mMultiselectBN[3].setBounds(340, 500, 50, 35);
add(multiselectlJLabel);
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
{
add(mMultiselectBN[i]);
}
JLabel mButtonLabel=new JLabel("提交：");
add(mButtonLabel);
add(submitButton);
mButtonLabel.setBounds(5,540,150,35);
submitButton.setBounds(155,540,150,35);
handle=new AddAndUpdateHandle();
handle.setView(this);
submitButton.addActionListener(handle);
}
}6.這時候就可以實現選擇題管理類AddAndUpdateHandle類，他負責對AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView類的資料處理
public class AddAndUpdateHandle implements ActionListener{
//所要監聽的檢視
AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView mView;
//連結資料庫所用工具
Connection con;
PreparedStatement ppStatement;
PreQuery query;
String sql="";
String url="jdbc:derby:Examination;create=true";
//寫入引數
String OperateType;//操作型別
String complexity;//複雜度
String mAnswer;//答案
int isSucceed;//判斷是否與資料庫建立連結
int id;//試題號
int type;//試題型別
public AddAndUpdateHandle() {
//資料庫連線預處理
query=new PreQuery();
try{
con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
//建立名為Question的表
sql ="create table Question"+
"(id int primary key not null,"+
"adaptEngineering varchar(20)," +
"complexity varchar(20),"+
"type int,"+
"content varchar(500),"+
"pic varchar(300),"+
"a varchar(300),"+
"b varchar(300),"+
"c varchar(300),"+
"d varchar(300),"+
"answer varchar(20))";
ppStatement=con.prepareStatement(sql);
ppStatement.executeUpdate();
con.close();
}catch(SQLException exception)
{
System.out.println(exception);
}
}
//設定所需要的檢視
public void setView(AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView addAndUpdateChoiceQuestion)
{
this.mView=addAndUpdateChoiceQuestion;
}
//點選提交按鈕響應
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
try{
con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
OperateType=mView.mOperate.getSelectedItem().toString();
sql="";
//判斷操作型別
if(OperateType.equals("新增試題"))
{
//使用預處理命令可以更靈活的設定各項的值
sql="insert into Question values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
id=Integer.valueOf(mView.mQuestionID.getText().trim());
//判斷試題型別
if(mView.mType.getSelectedItem().toString().equals("單項選擇"))
{
//設定試題型別引數
type=1;
//得到使用者選擇的答案
mAnswer=mView.mAnswerBox.getSelectedItem().toString();
}else if(mView.mType.getSelectedItem().toString().equals("多項選擇"))
{
type=2;
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if(mView.mMultiselectBN[i].isSelected())
{
sb.append(mView.mMultiselectBN[i].getText().toString().trim());
}
}
//得到多選題多個答案
mAnswer=sb.toString();
}
ppStatement=con.prepareStatement(sql);
ppStatement.setInt(1,id); //向資料庫中寫入該題id
ppStatement.setString(2,mView.mApplicable.getText().trim());//寫入適用工程
ppStatement.setString(3, mView.mComplexityBox.getSelectedItem().toString());//複雜度
ppStatement.setInt(4,type);//試題型別
ppStatement.setString(5,mView.mContext.getText().trim()); //試題內容
ppStatement.setString(6,mView.mPictureName.getText().trim()); //圖片名字(可為空，為空表示無圖)
ppStatement.setString(7,mView.inputA.getText().trim()); //a選項內容
ppStatement.setString(8,mView.inputB.getText().trim()); //b選項內容
ppStatement.setString(9,mView.inputC.getText().trim()); //c選項內容
ppStatement.setString(10,mView.inputD.getText().trim());//d選項內容
ppStatement.setString(11,mAnswer);//答案
isSucceed=ppStatement.executeUpdate();//提交資料
con.close();//關閉與資料庫連線
}else if(OperateType.equals("更新試題"))
{
id=Integer.valueOf(mView.mQuestionID.getText().trim());
sql="update Question set "
+ "adaptEngineering=?,"
+ "complexity=?,"
+ "type=?,"
+ "content=?,"
+"pic=?,"
+"a=?,"
+"b=?,"
+"c=?,"
+"d=?,"
+"answer=? "
+"where id ="
+id;
if(mView.mType.getSelectedItem().toString().equals("單項選擇"))
{
type=1;
mAnswer=mView.mAnswerBox.getSelectedItem().toString();
}else if(mView.mType.getSelectedItem().toString().equals("多項選擇"))
{
type=2;
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if(mView.mMultiselectBN[i].isSelected())
{
sb.append(mView.mMultiselectBN[i].getText().toString().trim());
}
}
mAnswer=sb.toString();
}else{
//如果使用者未選擇操作型別則進行提示
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog
(null,""+"請選擇試題型別！","訊息對話方塊", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
ppStatement=con.prepareStatement(sql);
ppStatement.setString(1,mView.mApplicable.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(2, mView.mComplexityBox.getSelectedItem().toString());
ppStatement.setInt(3,type);
ppStatement.setString(4,mView.mContext.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(5,mView.mPictureName.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(6,mView.inputA.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(7,mView.inputB.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(8,mView.inputC.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(9,mView.inputD.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(10,mAnswer);
isSucceed=ppStatement.executeUpdate();
con.close();
}else{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog
(null,""+"請選擇操作型別！","訊息對話方塊", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
}catch(SQLException exception)
{
//對資料庫操作失敗時彈出對話方塊進行提示
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog
(null,""+exception,"訊息對話方塊", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
//根據返回值可以判斷如果isSucceed=0則表示操作失敗，不為0表示操作成功
if(isSucceed!=0)
{
//操作成功則對話方塊顯示剛剛插入或更新的資料
query.setDatabaseName("Examination");
query.setSQL("select * from Question where id="+id+"");
query.startQuery();
//得到欄位值
String ziduan[] =query.getColumnName();
//得到記錄
String [][]record =query.getRecord();
//對話方塊中顯示操作後的各項值
DialogOne dialog = new DialogOne();
dialog.setZiduan(ziduan);
dialog.setRecord(record);
dialog.init();
dialog.setVisible(true);
}
else {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog
(null,"新增試題失敗","訊息對話方塊", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
}
}
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