verilog中24LC04B iic(i2c)讀寫通訊設計步驟，以及程式常見寫法錯誤。
板子使用的是黑金的是xilinx spartan—6開發板，首先準備一份24LC04B晶片資料，讀懂資料後列出關鍵引數。
如下:
1、空閒狀態為SDA和SCL都為高電平
2、開始狀態為：保持SCL，SDA高電平不變，SDA 保持最少4us，之後SDA為低，保持最少4us
3、結束狀態為：保持SCL為高、SDA為低電平不變，保持最少4us，SDA為高保持最少4us
4、時間間隔4us要求來源（上面資料為24LC04，下面資料為24LC04B）
初步估算了一下時鐘要求，100k（10us）符合要求，由於start有效位是在SCL高電平中間，所以SCL的上升沿和下降沿之間可以假設2個時鐘週期，由上升沿觸發，之後可以開始寫程式了。
一、寫流程
寫暫存器的標準流程為：
1. Master發起START
2. Master傳送I2C addr（7bit）和w操作0（1bit），等待ACK
3. Slave傳送ACK
4. Master傳送reg addr（8bit），等待ACK
5. Slave傳送ACK
6. Master傳送data（8bit），即要寫入暫存器中的資料，等待ACK
7. Slave傳送ACK
8. 第6步和第7步可以重複多次，即順序寫多個暫存器
9. Master發起STOP
二、資料寫入晶片時間
由晶片資料得到3ms，為了方便程式中設定為4ms，其中為了方便除錯，放入了很多測試點以及led燈顯示。
三、讀流程
1. Master傳送I2Caddr（7bit）和 w操作0（1bit），等待ACK
2. Slave傳送ACK
3. Master傳送reg addr（8bit），等待ACK
4. Slave傳送ACK
5. Master發起START
6. Master傳送I2C addr（7bit）和R讀1位，等待ACK
7. Slave傳送ACK
8. Slave傳送data（8bit），即暫存器裡的值
9. Master傳送ACK
10. 第8步和第9步可以重複多次，即順序讀多個暫存器
四、程式
top和iic檔案，時鐘檔案自己寫吧，採用10us為週期的時鐘。
top檔案
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
module model(
CLK_50M,
reset,
led,
SDA,SCL,
clk_1s,
clk_100ms,
clk_10ms,
clk_1ms,
clk_10us,
bit_state,
write_down,read_down,
test0,test1,test2,test3,test4,test5,test6,test7,test8,test9,
read_data
);
input CLK_50M,reset;
output SCL,write_down,read_down,test0,test1,test2,test3,test4,test5,test6,test7,test8,test9;
output [3:0]led;
output [7:0]bit_state;
output [7:0]read_data;
inout SDA;
output clk_1s,clk_100ms,clk_10ms,clk_1ms,clk_10us;
//output [3:0] led;
//output [5:0] sel;
//output [7:0] LED;
wire clk_1s,clk_100ms,clk_10ms,clk_1ms,clk_10us;
//分析儀取樣頻率
clkdiv u0(.reset (reset),
.CLK_50M (CLK_50M),
.clkout (clk_1s),
.clkout1 (clk_100ms),
.clkout2 (clk_10ms),
.clkout3 (clk_1ms),
.clkout4 (clk_10us)
);
wirte_iic u1(
.clk_10us (clk_10us),
.reset (reset),
.led (led),
.SDA (SDA),
.SCL (SCL),
.bit_state (bit_state),
.write_down (write_down),
.read_down (read_down),
.test0 (test0),
.test1 (test1),
.test2 (test2),
.test3 (test3),
.test4 (test4),
.test5 (test5),
.test6 (test6),
.test7 (test7),
.test8 (test8),
.test9 (test9),
.read_data (read_data)
);
/***************************/
//chipscope icon和ila, 用於觀察訊號//
/***************************/
wire [35:0] CONTROL0;
wire [255:0] TRIG0;
chipscope_icon icon_debug (
.CONTROL0(CONTROL0) // INOUT BUS [35:0]
);
chipscope_ila ila_filter_debug (
.CONTROL(CONTROL0), // INOUT BUS [35:0]
// .CLK(dma_clk), // IN
.CLK(clk_10us), // IN, chipscope的取樣時鐘
.TRIG0(TRIG0) // IN BUS [255:0], 取樣的訊號
//.TRIG_OUT(TRIG_OUT0)
);
assign TRIG0[0] = test0; //取樣
assign TRIG0[1] = test1; //取樣
assign TRIG0[2] = test2; //取樣
assign TRIG0[3] = test3; //取樣
assign TRIG0[4] = test4; //取樣
assign TRIG0[5] = test5; //取樣
assign TRIG0[6] = test6; //取樣
assign TRIG0[7] = test7; //取樣
assign TRIG0[8] = test8; //取樣
assign TRIG0[9] = test9; //取樣
assign TRIG0[10] = read_down; //取樣
assign TRIG0[11] = write_down; //取樣
assign TRIG0[12] = SDA; //取樣
assign TRIG0[13] = clk_1ms; //取樣
assign TRIG0[21:14] = bit_state;
assign TRIG0[29:22] = read_data; //取樣
//取樣
endmodule
iic檔案
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
module wirte_iic( clk_10us,
reset,
led,
SDA,
SCL,
bit_state,
write_down,
test0,test1,test2,test3,test4,,test5,test6,test7,test8,test9,
read_data,
read_down
);
input clk_10us,reset;
inout SDA;
output SCL;
output reg [3:0]led;
output reg [7:0]bit_state;//bit_state為第幾個訊號 ,byte_state
output reg write_down,read_down,test0,test1,test2,test3,test4,test5,test6,test7,test8,test9;
output reg [7:0]read_data;
reg SCL;
reg isOut,tx_SDA;
reg [1:0]cnt;
reg [4:0]byte_state;
reg [7:0]write_data;
reg [16:0] buf_time;//stop後，需要至少3ms寫入頁
parameter write_address =8'b1010_0000,
write_chipaddress =8'b0000_0000,
write_bit =8'b0001_1000;
assign SDA = isOut ? tx_SDA : 1'bz;
always @(posedge clk_10us or negedge reset)
begin
if(!reset)
cnt <=0;
else begin
if(cnt ==3)
cnt <=0;
else
cnt <= cnt +1'b1;
end
end
always @(posedge clk_10us or negedge reset)
begin
if(!reset)begin
tx_SDA <=0;
SCL <=0;
isOut <=0;
led<=4'b0000;
bit_state <=0;
byte_state <=0; //第幾個8位包
write_data <=0;
write_down <=0;
read_down <=0;
read_data <=0;
test0<=0;test1<=0;test2<=0;test3<=0;test4<=0;
test5<=0;test6<=0;test7<=0;test8<=0;test9<=0;
buf_time<=0;
end
else if(write_down==0&&read_down==0) begin
case (bit_state)
0:begin//起始位
if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;isOut <=1;end
if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==3)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=0;bit_state<=bit_state +1;write_data<=write_address; end
end
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8:begin//資料寫入
if(cnt==0)begin SCL<=0; tx_SDA <= write_data[8-bit_state];isOut <=1;end //高位先發送
if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==2)begin SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==3)begin SCL<=0;bit_state <= bit_state +1;end
end
9:begin//判斷ACK
if(cnt==0)begin isOut<=0; end //釋放SDA
if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==2)begin
if(SDA==0&&byte_state==0)begin
byte_state <=1;write_data<=write_chipaddress;end
else if(SDA==0&&byte_state==1)begin
byte_state <=2;write_data<=write_bit;end
else if(SDA==0&&byte_state==2)begin
byte_state <=3;write_data<=write_address; end
else begin SCL<=1;end
end
if(cnt==3)begin
if(byte_state==1)begin
SCL<=0;bit_state<=1;end
else if(byte_state==2)begin
SCL<=0;bit_state<=1; end
else if(byte_state==3)begin
SCL<=0;bit_state<=10;end
else begin SCL<=0; end
end
end
10:begin//停止位
if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=0;isOut<=1;end
if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==3)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=0;bit_state<=11; end
end
11:begin//快取3ms寫入資料
if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=1'bz;SCL<=1'bz;isOut<=0;end
if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=1'bz;SCL<=1'bz;end
if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=1'bz;SCL<=1'bz;end
if(cnt==3)begin
if(buf_time==100)begin
write_down <=1;
bit_state<=0; end
else begin
bit_state<=11;
buf_time<=buf_time+1;end
end
end
default:begin isOut <=0;led<=4'b1111; end
endcase
end
else if(write_down==1&&read_down==0)begin//讀取資料
case(bit_state)
0:begin//起始位
if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;isOut <=1;end
if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==3)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=0;bit_state<=bit_state +1;
if(byte_state==5)write_data<=8'b10100001;else write_data<=write_address;end
end
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8:begin//資料寫入
if(cnt==0)begin SCL<=0; tx_SDA <= write_data[8-bit_state];isOut <=1;end//高位先發送
if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==2)begin SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==3)begin SCL<=0;bit_state <= bit_state +1;end
end
9:begin//判斷ACK
if(cnt==0)begin isOut<=0;end //釋放SDA
if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1; end
if(cnt==2)begin
if(SDA==0&&byte_state==3)begin
byte_state <=4;write_data<=write_chipaddress;end
else if(SDA==0&&byte_state==4)begin
byte_state <=5; end
else if(SDA==0&&byte_state==5)begin
byte_state <=6; end
else begin SCL<=1;end
end
if(cnt==3)begin
if(byte_state==4)begin
SCL<=0;bit_state<=1;end
else if(byte_state==5)begin
SCL<=0;bit_state<=0; end
else if(byte_state==6)begin
SCL<=0;bit_state<=10;end
else begin SCL<=0; end
end
end
10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17:begin//資料讀
if(cnt==0)begin SCL<=0; isOut<=0; end
if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==2)begin
if(byte_state==6)begin
SCL<=1;
read_data[17-bit_state] <= SDA;end
end
if(cnt==3)begin SCL<=0;bit_state <= bit_state +1;end
end
18:begin//NACK to 1
if(cnt==0)begin SCL<=0;isOut<=0; end
if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==2)begin
if(SDA==1)begin
SCL<=1;end
else begin SCL<=1;bit_state<=0;end
end
if(cnt==3)begin SCL<=0; bit_state <= bit_state +1; end
end
19:begin//stop
if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=0;isOut<=1;end
if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;end
if(cnt==3)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=0;bit_state <= bit_state +1; end
end
20:begin//空閒訊號只能在邊沿變化，同步非常重要
if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;isOut<=1;end
if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1; end
if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1; end
if(cnt==3)begin read_down<=1;bit_state<=0; led<=4'b0001;end
end
default:begin isOut <=0;end
endcase
end
else if(write_down==1&&read_down==1)begin
if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;isOut<=0;end
if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1; end
if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1; end
if(cnt==3)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1; end
end
else begin led<=4'b1111;end
end
endmodule