yum與apt命令比較，yum安裝出現No package vim available解決辦法
yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified)是一個集與查詢，安裝，更新和刪除程式的Linux軟體。它執行在RPM包相容的Linux發行版本上，如：RedHat, Fedora, SUSE, CentOS, Mandriva。
今天我在用CentOS 5.5的yum命令安裝的時候出現如下錯誤：
[[email protected] ~]# yum install vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.hosting90.cz
* extras: mirror.hosting90.cz
* updates: mirror.hosting90.cz
Setting up Install Process
No package vim available.
Nothing to do
對於此錯誤，我一般習慣性先去更新一下yum倉庫：
#yum -y update
再次執行安裝，發現錯誤依舊，看來這種猜包名的方法不適用；所以接下來可以通過yum的查詢引數來列出vim相關的包名:
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum search vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.hosting90.cz
* extras: mirror.hosting90.cz
* updates: mirror.hosting90.cz
===================== Matched: vim ===================
vim-X11.x86_64 : The VIM version of the vi editor for the X Window System.
vim-common.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor.
vim-enhanced.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent
: enhancements.
vim-minimal.x86_64 : A minimal version of the VIM editor.
通過檢視，我們可以看到，yum列出了詳細的vim相關的包名，這樣就可以順利的安裝vim了：
#yum -y install vim-enhanced.x86_64
以上命令就能執行成功了。當然不僅僅vim安裝，其他程式比如mysql我們也同樣只要先進行yum查詢，再通過匹配詳細包名來進行安裝，就不會出現上述錯誤了
Yum的更新及安裝操作
更新及安裝： yum install package 安裝指定的安裝包package yum localinstall package 本地安裝軟體包 yum update 全部更新 yum update package 更新指定程式包package yum check-update 檢查可更新的程式 查詢和顯示 yum info <package> 顯示安裝包資訊 yum list 顯示所有已經安裝和可以安裝的程式包 yum list <package> 顯示指定程式包安裝情況 yum search <keyword>查詢軟體包
Yum和Apt-get對比
| Task | Red Hat/Fedora | Ubuntu/Debian |
| Adding, Removing and Upgrading Packages | ||
| Refresh list of available packages | Yum refreshes each time it’s used | apt-get update |
| Install a package from a repository | yum installpackage_name | apt-get installpackage_name |
| Install a package file | yum installpackage.rpmrpm -ipackage.rpm | dpkg –install package.deb |
| Remove a package | rpm -e package_name | apt-get removepackage_name |
| Check for package upgrades | yum check-update | apt-get -s upgradeapt-get -s dist-upgrade |
| Upgrade packages | yum updaterpm -Uvh [args] | apt-get dist-upgrade |
| Upgrade the entire system | yum upgrade | apt-get dist-upgrade |
| Package Information | ||
| Get information about an available package | yum searchpackage_name | apt-cache searchpackage_name |
| Show available packages | yum list available | apt-cache dumpavail |
| List all installed packages | yum list installedrpm -qa | dpkg –list |
| Get information about a package | yum info package_name | apt-cache showpackage_name |
| Get information about an installed package | rpm -qi package_name | dpkg –statuspackage_name |
| List files in an installed package | rpm -ql package_name | dpkg –listfilespackage_name |
| List documentation files in an installed package | rpm -qd package_name | - |
| List configuration files in an installed package | rpm -qc package_name | - |
| Show the packages a given package depends on | rpm -qR package_name | apt-cache depends |
| Show other packages that depend on agiven package (reverse dependency) | rpm -q -whatrequires [args] | apt-cache rdepends |
| Package File Information | ||
| Get information about a package file | rpm -qpi package.rpm | dpkg –info package.deb |
| List files in a package file | rpm -qpl package.rpm | dpkg –contentspackage.deb |
| List documentation files in a package file | rpm -qpd package.rpm | - |
| List configuration files in a package file | rpm -qpc package.rpm | - |
| Extract files in a package | rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio -vid | dpkg-deb –extractpackage.deb dir-to-extract-to |
| Find package that installed a file | rpm -qf filename | dpkg –search filename |
| Find package that provides a particular file | yum provides filename | apt-file search filename |
| Misc. Packaging System Tools | ||
| Show stats about the package cache | - | apt-cache stats |
| Verify all installed packages | rpm -Va | debsums |
| Remove packages from the local cache directory | yum clean packages | apt-get clean |
| Remove only obsolete packages from the local cache directory | - | apt-get autoclean |
| Remove header files from the local cache directory(forcing a new download of same on next use) | yum clean headers | apt-file purge |
| General Packaging System Information | ||
| Package file extension | .rpm | .deb |
| Repository location configuration | /etc/yum.conf |
/etc/apt/sources.list |