django 多併發,多執行緒。
django 原生為單執行緒序,當第一個請求沒有完成時,第二個請求輝阻塞,知道第一個請求完成,第二個請求才會執行。
可以使用uwsgi 程式設計多併發的
django 的併發能力真的是令人擔憂,這裡就使用 nginx + uwsgi 提供高併發
nginx 的併發能力超高,單臺併發能力過萬(這個也不是絕對),在純靜態的 web 服務中更是突出其優越的地方,由於其底層使用 epoll 非同步IO模型進行處理,使其深受歡迎
做過運維的應該都知道,php 需要使用 nginx + fastcgi 提供高併發,java 需要使用 nginx + tomcat 提供 web 服務
下面介紹如何使用 nginx + uwsgi 為 django 提供高併發 web 服務
1、系統環境
[[email protected] ~]# uname -a Linux crazy-acong 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 15 04:27:16 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [[email protected]-acong ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
2、python 及 django 版本
[[email protected]-acong ~]# django-admin --version1.10.6
3、安裝 uwsgi 及 測試 uwsgi
3.1 安裝
[[email protected] ~]# pip install uwsgi
3.2 測試 uwsgi 提供 web 服務的功能
# 建立 test.py 檔案 def application(env, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')]) return [b"Hello World"] # python3 #return ["Hello World"] # python2 # 啟動 uwsgi 服務 [[email protected]-acong ~]# uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py # 檢視啟動程序 [[email protected]-acong ~]# netstat -lnpt | grep uwsgi tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:26685 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22120/uwsgi tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22120/uwsgi # 在瀏覽器中訪問 http://ip:8000 就可以看到 Hello World 字樣了
3.3 將啟動引數寫入到配置檔案中,然後進行啟動 django 程式
3.3.1 建立 uwsgi 配置檔案
[[email protected] ~]# cd /data/django_test # 進入到 django 的主目錄 [[email protected]-acong django_test]# cat test-uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] # 對外提供 http 服務的埠 http = :9000 #the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx 用於和 nginx 進行資料互動的埠 socket = 127.0.0.1:8001 # the base directory (full path) django 程式的主目錄 chdir = /data/django_test # Django's wsgi file wsgi-file = django_test/wsgi.py # maximum number of worker processes processes = 4 #thread numbers startched in each worker process threads = 2 #monitor uwsgi status 通過該埠可以監控 uwsgi 的負載情況 stats = 127.0.0.1:9191 # clear environment on exit vacuum = true # 後臺執行,並輸出日誌 daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi.log
3.3.2 通過 uwsgi 配置檔案啟動 django 程式
# 通過配置檔案啟動 django 程式 [[email protected]-acong django_test]# /usr/local/bin/uwsgi test-uwsgi.ini # 在瀏覽器中 通過訪問 http://ip:9000 可以看到釋出的 django 程式
到這裡就可以支援多併發了,不會阻塞了。如果要使用更好的效能,可以使用nginx
4、安裝 nginx
nginx 安裝參考 http://www.cnblogs.com/CongZhang/p/6548570.html
5、配置 nginx 的配置檔案
在 django 的主目錄下建立下面的 nginx 配置檔案,然後做軟連線到 nginx 的配置檔案目錄,或者直接在 nginx 配置檔案目錄中新增該檔案也可以
5.1 建立 nginx 配置檔案
[[email protected] django_test]# cat /data/django_test/django-nginx.conf # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to upstream django { # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) } # configuration of the server server { # the port your site will be served on listen 8000; # the domain name it will serve for server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN charset utf-8; # max upload size client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste # Django media location /media { alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required } location /static { alias /data/django_test/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required } # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server. location / { uwsgi_pass django; include /data/django_test/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed } }
5.2 重啟nginx 服務
[[email protected] django_test]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [[email protected]-acong django_test]# nginx -s reload [[email protected]-acong django_test]# netstat -lnpt | grep 8000 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 43492/nginx
這個時候就可以通過 http://ip:8000 訪問 django 程式了,不過目前還存在一個問題,訪問 http://ip:8000/admin 發現靜態檔案貌似沒讀取到,需要通過下面的方法解決靜態檔案的問題
6、解決 django 多 app 靜態檔案的問題
# 在 django 程式的 settings.py 檔案中新增以下內容 STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static_all") # 然後通過執行該命令,將靜態檔案整合到一個目錄中 [[email protected]-acong django_test]# python3 manage.py collectstatic [[email protected]-acong django_test]# ll total 40 drwxr-xr-x 3 nginx games 4096 Mar 14 14:42 app01 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3072 Mar 14 14:51 db.sqlite3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1026 Mar 14 15:18 django-nginx.conf drwxr-xr-x 3 nginx games 4096 Mar 14 15:45 django_test -rwxr-xr-x 1 nginx games 809 Mar 14 14:37 manage.py drwxr-xr-x 2 nginx games 4096 Mar 14 14:42 static drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 14 15:47 static_all # 此時會發現多了一個該目錄,所有 app 的靜態檔案都整合到這一個目錄中了 drwxr-xr-x 2 nginx games 4096 Mar 14 14:40 templates -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 565 Mar 14 15:40 test-uwsgi.ini -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Mar 14 15:28 uwsgi_params
然後需要修改 nginx 配置檔案中 指向 django 靜態目錄的配置檔案
[[email protected] django_test]# cat /data/django_test/django-nginx.conf # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to upstream django { # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) } # configuration of the server server { # the port your site will be served on listen 8000; # the domain name it will serve for server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN charset utf-8; # max upload size client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste # Django media location /media { alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required } location /static { # 需要修改的地方在這裡 alias /data/django_test/static_all; # your Django project's static files - amend as required } # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server. location / { uwsgi_pass django; include /data/django_test/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed } }
最後重啟 nginx 服務即可
[[email protected] django_test]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [[email protected]-acong django_test]# nginx -s reload