1. 程式人生 > >Ajax利用FormData提交表單

Ajax利用FormData提交表單

一、ajax提交純表單(不包含檔案或二進位制或非ASCII資料)

     ajax提交表單繞了很久,遇到一些問題進行測試下以加深理解,測試使用瀏覽器 49.0.2623.110 mHTML使用HTML4標準。下文提到的ajax為原生javascript的ajax(指令碼化HTTP),都是個人理解,如有錯誤還望被指正。關於AJAX,XMLHttpRequest,FormData等應該還有許多待深入的問題,還需要進一步學習,本文僅目前實踐內容。

二、ajax上傳檔案

1、  上傳單個檔案

/* ajaxupload.jsp */

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset = utf-8

" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
      <title>
Asynchronous Javascript and XML</title>
  </head>
  <body>
   
請選擇要上傳的檔案:<input id="uploadItem"name="uploadItem" type="file">
  <script>
     
var test= function x(){
         
var elem= document.
getElementById("uploadItem");

         
elem.addEventListener("change",function() {
             
var item=  document.getElementById("uploadItem").files[0];
              var
formData = new FormData();
             
formData.append("uploadItem",item);

              var
xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
             
xhr.open("post","../upload");
              //xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","multipart/form-data");
             
xhr.send(formData);
         
},false);
     
}();
 
</script>
  </body>
</html>

/*upload */
public class upload extends HttpServlet{
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws      IOException,ServletException {
        try {
            request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
            DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
            ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
            List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);

            String fileName="";
            File savefile ;
            String apkPath = "D:/temp/";

            for (FileItem item : items) {
                if (!item.isFormField()) {
                    fileName = apkPath + item.getName();
                    System.out.println("fileName = " + fileName);
                    savefile = new File(fileName);
                    item.write(savefile);
                }
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
    
        PrintWriter out = null;
        try {
            out = response.getWriter();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        out.println("upload successed!");
    }
  }

如下程式碼,定義一個type=file的input元件,監聽變化後直接上傳。

本人錯誤使用:設定了XMLHttpRequest的Content-Type為mutipart/form-data,這樣導致錯誤“the request was rejected because no multipartboundary was found”,下面是瀏覽器中HTTP請求頭資訊,我們可以看到Content-Type中沒有boundary(瀏覽器隨機生成)。

下面是成功傳送時候的HTTP請求資訊。

本人使用過的檔案上傳外掛Dropzone也是用FormData上傳檔案的,設定的請求頭屬性有Accecpt,Cache-Control,X-Requested-With,不包含Content-Type。從請求頭中我們可以看到Content-Type是自動被設定為multipart/form-data的。從HTTP請求資訊中我們還可以看到Request Payload,這是請求的有效荷載,也是一個值得討論的問題,可以跟請求引數的Query String Parameter做下比較。

2、  提交表單,表單中攜帶檔案

根據FormData的使用我們可以看到,將簡單的鍵值對資料和檔案資料放到FormData傳送是很簡單的一個問題,那麼問題在哪裡呢?問題在於後臺如何取到普通的表單資料。

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html>
<head>
    <title>提交包含資料和檔案的表單</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
    <script type="text/javascript">
       function sendForm(){
         var oData = new FormData(document.forms.namedItem("fileinfo"));
           oData.append("CustomField","This is some extra data");
           var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
           oReq.open("post","../upload",true);
           oReq.send(oData);
       }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" name="fileinfo">
    <table>
        <tr>
            <td><label>Your email address:</label></td>
            <td><input type="email" autocomplete="on" autofocus name="userid" placeholder="email" required size="32"
                       maxlength="64"/>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><label>Custom file label:</label></td>
            <td><input type="text" name="filelabel" size="12" maxlength="32"/><br/>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><label>File to stash:</label></td>
            <td><input type="file" name="file" required/>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</form>
<div id="output"></div>
<a href="javascript:sendForm()">Stash the file!</a>
</body>
 </html>

所有的資料都放在RequestPayload(原生AJAX使用)中,該如何轉換呢?Request.getParameter應該只能得到get請求中Query String Parameters或者post請求Form Data請求體中的資料。http://blog.csdn.net/mhmyqn/article/details/25561535?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral這個部落格講了用最原始的輸入流方法讀取Request Payload中的資料,但是這要設定Content-Type 為application/x-www-form-urlencoded。最後,轉了半天發現上傳元件的parseRequest轉化出來FileItem是包括fieldItem的(一開始以為只是file檔案的資訊被解析出來了),如果是表單域,java可以如下程式碼進行解析(參考網址http://www.blogjava.net/xyzroundo/articles/186217.html)

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
    try {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
        if (isMultipart) {
            DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
            ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
            List items = upload.parseRequest(request);

            //Process the uploaded items
            Iterator iter = items.iterator();

            while(iter.hasNext()){
                FileItem item = (FileItem)iter.next();
                if(item.isFormField()){
                    String name =item.getFieldName();
                    String value = item.getString("UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("name = " + name + " ; value = " + value);
                }
            }
        }


    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    PrintWriter out = null;
    try {
        out = response.getWriter();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    out.println("upload successed!");
}

3、 新增進度條

新增進度條HTML元素,並設定樣式,為XMLHttpRequest新增onprogress事件,涉及e.lengthComputable,e.uploaded,e.total的使用。

/*進度條元素*/
<tr class="progress-display">
    <td>上傳進度:</td>
    <td><span id="progress-bar" class="progress-bar"><span class="progress-bar-after"></span></span></td>
</tr>
/*進度條樣式*/
.progress-bar{
    display:inline-block;
    background-color:honeydew;
    width:100px;
    height:10px;
    position:relative;
    border-radius: 2px;
    border:0.5px solid gray;
}
.progress-bar-after{
    content:"";
    width:0%;
    height:10px;
    background-color:green;
    position:absolute;
    left:0;
}
/*XMLHttpRequest新增onprogress事件*/
oReq.onprogress = function(e){
    if(e.lengthComputable){
      document.querySelector(".progress-bar-after").style.width = Math.round(100* e.loaded/ e.total) + "%";
    }
}

三、總結

    做完上述工作以後發現AJAX通過FormData上傳檔案是件挺簡單的事情,不過應該考慮FormData的相容性。