檢測資料夾，拷貝有更新的檔案到對應目錄 2016.5.19
親測可用，若有借鑑請修改下檔案路徑；
學習python小一個月後寫的這個功能，屬於初學，若有大神路過，求程式碼優化~
newcopy.py：
檢測資料夾中最後修改時間變化的檔案，並拷貝複製到相應路徑下，拷貝目錄會自動檢測後輸出；測試資料夾路徑記得修改；
pyinotify.py：
借用window介面，檢測指令碼所在目錄下資料夾變化（更新、刪除、新增等），輸出日誌到桌面上；

# newcopy.py檔案
# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
import os
import os.path
import
 
 sys
import time
import datetime
import stat
import difflib
import linecache, shutil

# 檔案全路徑和對應最後修改時間寫入到out.txt文件中；
def add_log(path):
    with open('out.txt','w') as f:
        f.close()
    for root , dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        for name in files:
            temp_path = os.path.join(root,name)
            file_name = temp_path.replace('C:/Users/Enter/Desktop/'
 
, '')
            file_time = os.stat(temp_path).st_mtime
            with open('out.txt','a') as f:
                f.write( ','.join( ['%s' % file_name , '%s\n' % file_time] ) )
                f.close()

 # 注意時間格式轉換
            #file_time = time.localtime(os.stat(root).st_mtime)
            #file_time=date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
 


def if_exist():

    # 判斷檔案out.txt是否存在,不存在則建立
    filename = 'out.txt'
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        message = 'OK, the "%s" file exists.'
    else:
        message = "Sorry, I cannot find the '%s' file..and I create it."
        a = open('out.txt', 'w')
        a.close()
    print message % filename

    # 判斷update資料夾是否存在,不存在則建立
    files_name='update'
    if os.path.exists(files_name):
        message = 'OK, the "%s" file exists.'
    else:
        message = "Sorry, I cannot find the '%s' file.and I create it. "
        os.mkdir('update')
    print message % files_name


# path 待比較的資料夾路徑
# 返回生成的txt（包含更新或者新增的檔案路徑）的路徑
def log_compare(path):

    # 先確保out.txt存在
    if_exist()

    # 獲取out.txt檔案內容（檔案全路徑key和最後修改時間value），生成dict
    txt = open('out.txt', 'r').readlines()
    myDic = {}
    for row in txt:
        (key, value) = row.split(',')
        myDic[key] = value
    print myDic

    # 建立以時間命名的檔案和資料夾
    setup_filename = str(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S'))              # 獲取當前時間
    setup_file_path = '%s%s.txt'  %('C:/Users/Enter/Desktop/update/' ,setup_filename)   # 生成以當前時間命名的.txt檔案，準備寫入更新日誌
    setup_file_dir = '%s%s'  %('C:/Users/Enter/Desktop/update/' ,setup_filename)        # 生成以當前時間命名的.txt資料夾

    #判斷key，比較value值是否變化
    #原始需要有一個out.txt檔案，才能比較value確定是否有更新
    #執行程式時，重新遍歷一遍檔案全路徑和最後修改時間
    for root , dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        for name in files:
            temp_path = os.path.join(root,name)
            file_name = temp_path.replace('C:/Users/Enter/Desktop/', '')
            time = os.stat(temp_path).st_mtime                              # 獲取最後修改時間
            file_time = '%s\n' % time                                       # 加%s\n是為了與out.txt裡值完全對應
            if myDic.has_key(file_name) == True:
                if cmp(myDic[file_name], file_time):        # myDic[file_name]舊最後修改時間，file_time新最後修改時間
                    print (file_name,file_time)             # 輸出有變化的檔名及其對應的最後修改時間

                    # 輸出以檔案時間命名的更新日誌，生成路徑是update下
                    with open(setup_file_path,'a') as f:    # 有更新的檔案，寫入更新日誌
                        f.write( '%s\n' % file_name  )
                        f.close()
            else:
                print "add",file_name
                with open(setup_file_path,'a') as f:         # 新增的檔案，寫入更新日誌
                        f.write( '%s\n' % file_name  )
                        f.close()

        # 返回 當前時間，以時間命名的資料夾路徑，更新檔案路徑
    return (setup_filename, setup_file_dir, setup_file_path)

# 將src目錄中的內容拷貝到dest目錄
# 如果dest或者其子目錄不存在，先建立
# txt_path為更新日誌路徑，有更新的檔案才拷貝
def copy_directory(src, dest, txt_path):
    if not os.path.exists(txt_path):
        print "no file update"
        return

    # 讀更新日誌，獲取更新檔案的全路徑

    txt = open(txt_path, 'r').readlines()
    myDic = {}
    myDic2 = {}
    for row in txt:
        myDic[row] = "1"
        tempArray = os.path.split(row)
        key = tempArray[0]
        myDic2[key] = "1"

    print "myDic2:", myDic2
    print "dict:", myDic

    # 遍歷原始資料夾，得到所有檔案的全路徑
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(src):
        for name in files:
            #print  "dirs:",dirs
            fpath = os.path.join(root, name)
            newroot = root
            newroot = newroot.replace(src, dest)        # 根據檔案絕對路徑，建立將要拷貝的路徑（相對路徑），沒有則建立
            #print newroot
            rel_dir = root.replace('C:/Users/Enter/Desktop/', '')
            if not os.path.exists(newroot) and myDic2.has_key(rel_dir):
                print "rel_dir:" , rel_dir
                print newroot
                os.makedirs(newroot)
                os.chmod(newroot, stat.S_IWRITE)
            temp = fpath
            temp = temp.replace(src, dest)
            rel_path = fpath.replace('C:/Users/Enter/Desktop/', '')     # 將絕對路徑改為相對路徑，便於遍歷對比，挑出要拷貝的檔案
            rel_path += '\n'

            if myDic.has_key(rel_path) == True:
                print "real_path:" , rel_path
               # os.mkdir(rel_path)
                shutil.copy(fpath, temp)
                print "copyfile:", fpath


def main():

    path_dir = 'C:/Users/Enter/Desktop/acd'
    path_file = 'C:/Users/Enter/Desktop/out.txt'

    params = log_compare(path_dir)
    add_log(path_dir)
    copy_directory(path_dir, params[1], params[2])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

#pyinotify.py檔案
# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
import os
import win32file
import win32con
# #檢測當前目錄下所有檔案刪除、更新、修改等變化。更新日誌輸出到桌面。2016.5.23 copy


ACTIONS = {
  1 : "Created",
  2 : "Deleted",
  3 : "Updated",
  4 : "Renamed from something",
  5 : "Renamed to something"
}
# Thanks to Claudio Grondi for the correct set of numbers
FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY = 0x0001
path_to_watch = "."
hDir = win32file.CreateFile (
  path_to_watch,
  FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY,
  win32con.FILE_SHARE_READ | win32con.FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
  None,
  win32con.OPEN_EXISTING,
  win32con.FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS,
  None
)
while 1:
  #
  # ReadDirectoryChangesW takes a previously-created
  #  handle to a directory, a buffer size for results,
  #  a flag to indicate whether to watch subtrees and
  #  a filter of what changes to notify.
  #
  # NB Tim Juchcinski reports that he needed to up
  #  the buffer size to be sure of picking up all
  #  events when a large number of files were
  #  deleted at once.
  #
  results = win32file.ReadDirectoryChangesW (
    hDir,
    1024,
    True,
     win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME |
     win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME |
     win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES |
     win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE |
     win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE |
     win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SECURITY,
    None,
    None
  )

  #print "results:", results

  for action, file in results:
    full_filename = os.path.join (path_to_watch, file)
    print full_filename, ACTIONS.get (action, "Unknown")
    with open('C:/Users/Enter/Desktop/fileupdate.txt','a') as f:
        #str = ','.join( ['%s' % full_filename , '%s\n' % ACTIONS.get (action, "Unknown")] )
        #print str
        f.write( ','.join( ['%s' % full_filename , '%s\n' % ACTIONS.get (action, "Unknown")] ) )
        f.close()