一.下載說明

前期的一些準備說明，參考：

MySQL 分為Community Server 和 Enterprise Edition。 其中Community Server 可以直接從mysql 的官網下載。Enterprice Edition 只能從Oracle edelivery上下載，不過Edelivery 現在已經遮蔽了中國的IP，如果國內的使用者一般不能從edelivery上下載，需要出去才能下載。

1.1 官方文件上有關MySQL安裝檔案型別說明：

Linux supports anumber of different solutions for installing MySQL. The recommended method isto use one of the distributions from Oracle. If you choose this method, thereare three options available:

（2）Extractingand compiling MySQL from a source distribution. For detailed instructions,seeSection2.9, “InstallingMySQL from Source”.

（3）Installingusing a pre-compiled RPM package. For more information on using the RPMsolution, seeSection2.5.1,“Installing MySQL from RPM Packages on Linux”.

--這裡講了3種方式來安裝MySQL資料庫，我這裡用最簡單的RPM 包來安裝。

As analternative, you can use the native package manager within your Linuxdistribution to automatically download and install MySQL for you. Nativepackage installations can take of the download and dependencies required to runMySQL, but the MySQL version will often be some way behind the currentlyavailable release. You will also normally be unable to install developmentalreleases, as these are not usually made available in the native repository. Formore information on using the native package installers, see

Section2.5.2,“Installing MySQL on Linux using Native Package Manager”.

Note

For many Linux installations,you will want to set up MySQL to be started automatically when your machinestarts. Many of the native package installations perform this operation foryou, but for source, binary and RPM solutions you may need to set this upseparately. The required script,mysql.server,can be found in thesupport-filesdirectory under the MySQL installationdirectory or in a MySQL source tree. You can install itas/etc/init.d/mysqlfor automatic MySQL startup and shutdown. SeeSection2.10.1.2,“Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically”.

--這裡要注意一個問題，就是設定MySQL的自啟動。 如果使用native package來安裝，會自動設定為自啟動，如果使用其他的方式，如source，binary和RPM，就需要單獨的來設定自啟動。

1.2 下載安裝包

我這裡下載Community Server 版的，Enterprise Edition版的請到Oracle E-Delivery上下載。Enterprise Edition 有30天的試用期。

這裡要注意的，MySQL的Tar 包還是比較大，要比RPM包大3倍左右。

MySQL 的RPM 包有如下幾個：

看一下每個rpm 包具體的描述：

（1）MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm

The MySQLserver. You need this unless you only want to connect to a MySQL server runningon another machine.

（2）MySQL-client-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm

The standardMySQL client programs. You probably always want to install this package.

（3）MySQL-devel-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm

The librariesand include files that are needed if you want to compile other MySQL clients,such as the Perl modules.

（4）MySQL-debuginfo-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm

This packagecontains debugging information.debuginfoRPMs are never needed touse MySQL software; this is true both for the server and for client programs.However, they contain additional information that might be needed by a debuggerto analyze a crash.

（5）MySQL-shared-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm

This packagecontains the shared libraries (libmysqlclient.so*) that certain languages andapplications need to dynamically load and use MySQL. It containssingle-threaded and thread-safe libraries. Prior toMySQL 5.5.6, if you install this package, do not installtheMySQL-shared-compatpackage.

（6）MySQL-shared-compat-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm

This packageincludes the shared libraries for MySQL 3.23, 4.0, and so on. It containssingle-threaded and thread-safe libraries. Install this package if you have applicationsinstalled that are dynamically linked against older versions of MySQL but youwant to upgrade to the current version without breaking the librarydependencies. Before MySQL 5.5.6,MySQL-shared-compatalso includesthe libraries for the current release, so if you install it, you should notalso installMySQL-shared. As of 5.5.6,MySQL-shared-compatdoesnot include the current library version, so there is no conflict.

（7）MySQL-embedded-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm

The embeddedMySQL server library.

（8）MySQL-test-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm

This packageincludes the MySQL test suite.

（9）MySQL-VERSION.src.rpm

This containsthe source code for all of the previous packages. It can also be used torebuild the RPMs on other architectures (for example, Alpha or SPARC).

二. 安裝MySQL

2.1 安裝說明

（1）MySQL的安裝包有很多個，作用也不同，在大多數情況下，只需要安裝MySQL-server 和 MySQL-client，其他的包根據需要來安裝。

（2）The server RPM places data underthe/var/lib/mysqldirectory. The RPM also creates a login accountfor a user namedmysql(if one does not exist) to use for running theMySQL server, and creates the appropriate entries in/etc/init.d/tostart the server automatically at boot time. (This means that if you haveperformed a previous installation and have made changes to its startup script,you may want to make a copy of the script so that you do not lose it when youinstall a newer RPM.)

（3）During RPM installation, a usernamedmysqland a group namedmysqlare created on thesystem. This is done using theuseradd,groupadd,andusermodcommands. Those commands require appropriateadministrative privileges, which is required for locally managed users andgroups (as listed in the/etc/passwdand/etc/groupfiles) by theRPM installation process being run byroot.

--在MySQL 安裝時，會建立mysql 使用者和mysql組。

（4）MySQL 的相關目錄說明

/usr/bin ：Client programs and scripts -- mysqladmin mysqldump等命令

/usr/sbin：　Themysqldserver

/var/lib/mysql：Log files, databases --這個目錄就是資料庫的目錄

/usr/share/info：Manual in Info format

/usr/share/man：Unix manual pages

/usr/include/mysql：Include (header) files

/usr/lib/mysql：Libraries

/usr/share/mysql　：　Miscellaneous support files,including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQLfor database installation

--mysql.server命令及配置檔案

/usr/share/sql-bench：　Benchmarks

/etc/rc.d/init.d/: 啟動指令碼檔案mysql的目錄

2.2 安裝

--安裝Server端：

[[email protected] software]# ls

MySQL-client-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-devel-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-embedded-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-server-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-shared-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-test-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] software]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

Preparing...########################################### [100%]

1:MySQL-server########################################### [100%]

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THEMySQL root USER !

To do so, start the server, then issue thefollowing commands:

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password'new-password'

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h rac2password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option ofremoving the test

databases and anonymous user created bydefault. This is

strongly recommended for productionservers.

See the manual for more instructions.

Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbugscript!

[[email protected] software]#

--- 安裝客戶端

[[email protected] software]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

Preparing...########################################### [100%]

1:MySQL-client ###########################################[100%]

2.3 其他操作

2.3.1 檢視在時建立的mysql使用者和mysql group：

[[email protected] bin]# cat /etc/passwd|grep mysql

mysql:x:103:106:MySQLserver:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash

[[email protected] bin]# cat /etc/group | grepmysql

mysql:x:106:

2.3.2 修改密碼

--連線MySQL 報錯：

[[email protected] software]# mysql

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to localMySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)

--啟動MySQL 後，在連正常：

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start

Starting MySQL... [ OK ]

[[email protected] init.d]# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL CommunityServer (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.

mysql>

--注意這裡，因為MySQL預設沒有密碼，所以這裡我們沒有輸入密碼就直接連上了。

--修改密碼，這個是安裝Server 中提示的：

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root

[[email protected] ~]# mysql

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

--修改密碼之後，就提示要使用密碼了。

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 5

Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL CommunityServer (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of theirrespective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.

mysql>

--輸入密碼後成功連線。

2.3.3 檢視MySQL埠 3306， 這個是預設埠：

[[email protected] ~]# netstat -nat|grep 3306

tcp0 0 192.168.3.100:32842 192.168.3.100:3306 TIME_WAIT

tcp0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN

2.3.4 設定開機自啟動

--檢視MySQL 開機自啟動設定：

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql

mysql 0:off 1:off2:on 3:on 4:on5:on 6:off

這裡的數字分別代表Linux啟動的不同模式，3是命令列，5是視窗。

--關閉開機自啟動

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig mysql off

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql

mysql0:off 1:off2:off 3:off 4:off5:off 6:off

--啟用開機自啟動：

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig mysql on

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql

mysql 0:off 1:off2:on 3:on 4:on5:on 6:off

[[email protected] ~]#

--將Mysql 從chkconfig服務裡刪除：

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --del mysql

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql

--將Mysql 新增到chkconfig裡：

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --add mysql

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql

mysql 0:off 1:off2:on 3:on 4:on5:on 6:off

2.4 資料庫操作

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 6

Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL CommunityServer (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.

--檢視已經存在的資料庫，這幾個是安裝時自動建立的

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--使用mysql 資料庫

mysql> use mysql

Reading table information for completion oftable and column names

You can turn off this feature to get aquicker startup with -A

Database changed

--檢視mysql 資料庫下面的表

mysql> show tables;

+---------------------------+

| Tables_in_mysql |

+---------------------------+

| columns_priv |

| db |

| event |

| func |

| general_log |

| help_category |

| help_keyword |

| help_relation |

| help_topic |

| host |

| ndb_binlog_index |

| plugin |

| proc |

| procs_priv |

| proxies_priv |

| servers |

| slow_log |

| tables_priv |

| time_zone |

| time_zone_leap_second |

| time_zone_name |

| time_zone_transition |

| time_zone_transition_type |

| user |

+---------------------------+

24 rows in set (0.01 sec)

--建立資料庫Dave

mysql> create database dave;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

--在dave 資料庫下面建立dave表：

mysql> use dave;

Database changed

mysql> create table dave(id int,namechar(20));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

--檢視dave 表結構：

mysql> desc dave;

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id| int(11) | YES | | NULL| |

| name| char(20) | YES | | NULL| |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--向dave 表裡插入2條記錄：

mysql> insert into davevalues(1,'dave');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into davevalues(2,'anqing');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from dave;

+------+--------+

| id| name |

+------+--------+

|1 | dave |

|2 | anqing |

+------+--------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--update 表：

mysql> update dave set name='david dai'where id=1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from dave;

+------+-----------+

| id| name |

+------+-----------+

|1 | david dai |

|2 | anqing |

+------+-----------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--drop 表：

mysql> drop table dave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

--drop 資料庫：

mysql> drop database dave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

至此，操作結束。

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