1 簡介

       在PHP中傳送郵件，通常都是封裝一個php的smtp郵件類來發送郵件。但是PHP底層的socket程式設計相對於python來說效率是非常低的。CleverCode同時寫過用python寫的爬蟲抓取網頁，和用php寫的爬蟲抓取網頁。發現雖然用了php的curl抓取網頁，但是涉及到超時，多執行緒同時抓取等等。不得不說python在網路程式設計的效率要比PHP好的多。

     PHP在傳送郵件時候，自己寫的smtp類，傳送的效率和速度都比較低。特別是併發傳送大量帶有附件報表的郵件的時候。php的效率很低。建議可以使用php呼叫python的方式來發送郵件。

2 程式

2.1 python程式

      php的程式和python的檔案必須是相同的編碼。如都是gbk編號，或者同時utf-8編碼，否則容易出現亂碼。python傳送郵件主要使用了email模組。這裡python檔案和php檔案都是gbk編碼，傳送的郵件標題內容與正文內容也是gbk編碼。

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:gbk -*- 
"""
   郵件傳送類
"""
# mail.py
#
# Copyright (c) 2014 by http://blog.csdn.net/CleverCode
#
# modification history:
# --------------------
# 2014/8/15, by CleverCode, Create

import threading
import time
import random
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email import Utils, Encoders
import mimetypes
import sys
import smtplib
import socket
import getopt
import os

class SendMail:
    def __init__(self,smtpServer,username,password):
        """
        smtpServer:smtp伺服器,        
        username:登入名,
        password:登入密碼
        """
        self.smtpServer = smtpServer        
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
    
    def genMsgInfo(self,fromAddress,toAddress,subject,content,fileList,\
            subtype = 'plain',charset = 'gb2312'):
        """
        組合訊息傳送包
        fromAddress:發件人,
        toAddress:收件人,
        subject:標題,
        content:正文,
        fileList:附件,
        subtype:plain或者html
        charset:編碼
        """
        msg = MIMEMultipart()
        msg['From'] = fromAddress
        msg['To'] = toAddress  
        msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime=1)
        msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid()
        
        #標題
        if subject:
            msg['Subject'] = subject
        
        #內容        
        if content:
            body = MIMEText(content,subtype,charset)
            msg.attach(body)
        
        #附件
        if fileList:
            listArr = fileList.split(',')
            for item in listArr:
                
                #檔案是否存在
                if os.path.isfile(item) == False:
                    continue
                    
                att = MIMEText(open(item).read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')
                att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
                #這裡的filename郵件中顯示什麼名字
                filename = os.path.basename(item) 
                att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename=' + filename
                msg.attach(att)
        
        return msg.as_string()                
                                                  
    def send(self,fromAddress,toAddress,subject = None,content = None,fileList = None,\
            subtype = 'plain',charset = 'gb2312'):
        """
        郵件傳送函式
        fromAddress:發件人,
        toAddress:收件人,
        subject:標題
        content:正文
        fileList:附件列表
        subtype:plain或者html
        charset:編碼
        """
        try:
            server = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtpServer)
            
            #登入
            try:
                server.login(self.username,self.password)
            except smtplib.SMTPException,e:
                return "ERROR:Authentication failed:",e
                            
            #傳送郵件
            server.sendmail(fromAddress,toAddress.split(',') \
                ,self.genMsgInfo(fromAddress,toAddress,subject,content,fileList,subtype,charset))
            
            #退出
            server.quit()
        except (socket.gaierror,socket.error,socket.herror,smtplib.SMTPException),e:
            return "ERROR:Your mail send failed!",e
           
        return 'OK'


def usage():
    """
    使用幫助
    """
    print """Useage:%s [-h] -s <smtpServer> -u <username> -p <password> -f <fromAddress> -t <toAddress>  [-S <subject> -c
        <content> -F <fileList>]
        Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
            -s, --smtpServer=  smpt.xxx.com.
            -u, --username=   Login SMTP server username.
            -p, --password=   Login SMTP server password.
            -f, --fromAddress=   Sets the name of the "from" person (i.e., the envelope sender of the mail).
            -t, --toAddress=   Addressee's address. -t "
 
[email protected],[email protected]".          
            -S, --subject=  Mail subject.
            -c, --content=   Mail message.-c "content, ......."
            -F, --fileList=   Attachment file name.            
            -h, --help   Help documen.    
       """ %sys.argv[0]
        
def start():
    """
    
    """
    try:
        options,args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:],"hs:u:p:f:t:S:c:F:","--help --smtpServer= --username= --password= --fromAddress= --toAddress= --subject= --content= --fileList=",)
    except getopt.GetoptError:
        usage()
        sys.exit(2)
        return
    
    smtpServer = None
    username = None
    password = None
               
    fromAddress = None    
    toAddress = None    
    subject = None
    content = None
    fileList = None
    
    #獲取引數   
    for name,value in options:
        if name in ("-h","--help"):
            usage()
            return
        
        if name in ("-s","--smtpServer"):
            smtpServer = value
        
        if name in ("-u","--username"):
            username = value
        
        if name in ("-p","--password"):
            password = value
        
        if name in ("-f","--fromAddress"):
            fromAddress = value
        
        if name in ("-t","--toAddress"):
            toAddress = value
        
        if name in ("-S","--subject"):
            subject = value
        
        if name in ("-c","--content"):
            content = value
        
        if name in ("-F","--fileList"):
            fileList = value
    
    if smtpServer == None or username == None or password == None:
        print 'smtpServer or username or password can not be empty!'
        sys.exit(3)
           
    mail = SendMail(smtpServer,username,password)
    
    ret = mail.send(fromAddress,toAddress,subject,content,fileList)
    if ret != 'OK':
        print ret
        sys.exit(4)
    
    print 'OK'
    
    return 'OK'    
     
if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    start()
             
 

2.2 python程式使用幫助

2.3 php程式

<?php

/**
 * SendMail.php
 * 
 * 傳送郵件類
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2015 by http://blog.csdn.net/CleverCode
 *
 * modification history:
 * --------------------
 * 2015/5/18, by CleverCode, Create
 *
 */
class SendMail{

    /**
     * 傳送郵件方法
     *
     * @param string $fromAddress 發件人,'[email protected]' 或者修改發件人名 'CleverCode<[email protected]>'
     * @param string $toAddress 收件人,多個收件人逗號分隔,'[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]'， 或者 'test1<[email protected]>,test2<[email protected]>,....'
     * @param string $subject 標題
     * @param string $content 正文
     * @param string $fileList 附件，附件必須是絕對路徑,多個附件逗號分隔。'/data/test1.txt,/data/test2.tar.gz,...'
     * @return string 成功返回'OK'，失敗返回錯誤資訊
     */
    public static function send($fromAddress, $toAddress, $subject = NULL, $content = NULL, $fileList = NULL){
        if (strlen($fromAddress) < 1 || strlen($toAddress) < 1) {
            return '$fromAddress or $toAddress can not be empty!';
        }
        // smtp伺服器
        $smtpServer = 'smtp.qq.com';
        // 登入使用者
        $username = '[email protected]';
        // 登入密碼
        $password = '123456';
        
        // 拼接命令字串，實際是呼叫了/home/CleverCode/mail.py
        $cmd = "LANG=C && /usr/bin/python /home/CleverCode/mail.py";
        $cmd .= " -s '$smtpServer'";
        $cmd .= " -u '$username'";
        $cmd .= " -p '$password'";
        
        $cmd .= " -f '$fromAddress'";
        $cmd .= " -t '$toAddress'";
        
        if (isset($subject) && $subject != NULL) {
            $cmd .= " -S '$subject'";
        }
        
        if (isset($content) && $content != NULL) {
            $cmd .= " -c '$content'";
        }
        
        if (isset($fileList) && $fileList != NULL) {
            $cmd .= " -F '$fileList'";
        }
        
        // 執行命令
        exec($cmd, $out, $status);
        if ($status == 0) {
            return 'OK';
        } else {
            return "Error,Send Mail,$fromAddress,$toAddress,$subject,$content,$fileList ";
        }
        return 'OK';
    }
}

2.3 使用樣例

<?php

/**
 * test.php
 *
 * 壓縮excel成附件，傳送郵件
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2015 http://blog.csdn.net/CleverCode
 *
 * modification history:
 * --------------------
 * 2015/5/14, by CleverCode, Create
 *
 */
include_once ('SendMail.php');

/*
 * 客戶端類
 * 讓客戶端和業務邏輯儘可能的分離，降低頁面邏輯和業務邏輯演算法的耦合，
 * 使業務邏輯的演算法更具有可移植性
 */
class Client{

    public function main(){
        
        // 傳送者
        $fromAddress = 'CleverCode<[email protected]>';
        
        // 接收者
        $toAddress = '[email protected]';
        
        // 標題
        $subject = '這裡是標題！';
        
        // 正文
        $content = "您好：\r\n";
        $content .= "   這裡是正文\r\n ";
        
        // excel路徑
        $filePath = dirname(__FILE__) . '/excel';
        $sdate = date('Y-m-d');
        $PreName = 'CleverCode_' . $sdate;
        
        // 檔名
        $fileName = $filePath . '/' . $PreName . '.xls';
        
        // 壓縮excel檔案
        $cmd = "cd $filePath && zip $PreName.zip $PreName.xls";
        exec($cmd, $out, $status);
        $fileList = $filePath . '/' . $PreName . '.zip';
        
        // 傳送郵件（附件為壓縮後的檔案）
        $ret = SendMail::send($fromAddress, $toAddress, $subject, $content, $fileList);
        if ($ret != 'OK') {
            return $ret;
        }
        
        return 'OK';
    }
}

/**
 * 程式入口
 */
function start(){
    $client = new Client();
    $client->main();
}

start();

?>

2.4 程式原始碼下載