1.Selenium的學習網站：

    官網：http://www.seleniumhq.org/docs/

    中文網站：易百教程-->Selenium教程：http://www.yiibai.com/selenium/

2.搭建環境

    準備：安裝了Maven外掛的Eclipse

    (1).新建一個Maven工程：File->New->Project，然後選擇Maven Project，如下圖：

然後一路Next（選擇預設工作區間workspace location），直到下一個介面，需要輸入Group Id和Artifact Id，按自己喜好，一般Artifact Id會成為工程名，Group Id和Artifact Id會組成包名，例如我填寫的如下左圖，最後生成的工程目錄如下右圖所示：

 (2).修改pom.xml檔案，為工程新增selium依賴包，在預設的pom.xml的<dependencies>模組中新增一個新的<dependency>，我使用的是最新的selenium，已經到3.4.0了，如果又有更新了，你可以在http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java裡找到最新版本，如下圖所示：

選擇3.4.0，進入可以看到該版本的相關詳細資訊，並且在下方它給我們提供了maven支援的新增dependence的配置，我們可以直接複製然後貼上到pom.xml中去：

新增到pom.xml中後，直接點選“儲存”，Maven就會自動去下載和拉取相應的依賴庫。

3.編寫第一個測試demo

    編寫第一個測試demo，在src/main/java/selenium/WebDriverTest/下有個預設的類App.java，現在我們在這個目錄下新建一個我們自己的java類，我取名為Demo1，在Demo1中我使用了ChromeDriver，程式碼如下（程式碼中有註釋）：

package selenium.WebDriverTest;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class Demo1 {
	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//如果測試的瀏覽器沒有安裝在預設目錄，那麼必須在程式中設定 
		//bug1:System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C://Program Files (x86)//Google//Chrome//Application//chrome.exe");
		//bug2:System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C://Users//Yoga//Downloads//chromedriver_win32//chromedriver.exe");
		System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D://tanzhenTest//chromedriver_win32//chromedriver.exe");
		
		WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
		driver.get("https://www.baidu.com");
		// 獲取 網頁的 title  
        System.out.println("The testing page title is: " + driver.getTitle()); 
        
		driver.quit();
	}
}
 

然後執行，會彈出chrome瀏覽器的介面，然後馬上變成百度首頁，並在控制檯如程式要求有以下輸出：

程式執行成功！

4.問題解決

在進行第3步- 編寫第一個測試demo時我遇到以下一些問題，並加以解決，如果你遇到類似問題，希望可以幫到你。

(1).雖然chrome正常啟動了，但是並沒有執行get百度首頁的操作，控制檯當然也沒有列印資訊，報錯資訊如下：

[12140:12000:0605/224013.947:ERROR:cache_util_win.cc(20)] Unable to move the cache: 5
[12140:12000:0605/224013.947:ERROR:cache_util.cc(134)] Unable to move cache folder C:\Users\Yoga\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\ShaderCache\GPUCache to C:\Users\Yoga\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\ShaderCache\old_GPUCache_000
[12140:12000:0605/224013.947:ERROR:disk_cache.cc(132)] Unable to create cache
[12140:12000:0605/224013.947:ERROR:shader_disk_cache.cc(593)] Shader Cache Creation failed: -2
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Timed out waiting for driver server to start.
Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'
System info: host: 'LENOVO-PC', ip: '192.168.56.1', os.name: 'Windows 8.1', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '6.3', java.version: '1.8.0_51'
Driver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.waitUntilAvailable(DriverService.java:193)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.start(DriverService.java:181)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:78)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:637)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:250)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:236)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:137)
	at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:184)
	at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:171)
	at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:124)
	at selenium.WebDriverTest.Demo1.main(Demo1.java:17)
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.net.UrlChecker$TimeoutException: Timed out waiting for [http://localhost:25606/status] to be available after 20012 ms
	at org.openqa.selenium.net.UrlChecker.waitUntilAvailable(UrlChecker.java:107)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.waitUntilAvailable(DriverService.java:190)
	... 10 more
Caused by: com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedTimeoutException: java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
	at com.google.common.util.concurrent.SimpleTimeLimiter.callWithTimeout(SimpleTimeLimiter.java:140)
	at org.openqa.selenium.net.UrlChecker.waitUntilAvailable(UrlChecker.java:80)
	... 11 more
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
	at com.google.common.util.concurrent.SimpleTimeLimiter.callWithTimeout(SimpleTimeLimiter.java:128)
	... 12 more

(2).當我將System.setProperty中的chrome.exe換成chromedriver.exe以後，執行程式，同樣彈出了chrome瀏覽器，但依然不能訪問百度，瀏覽器上出現了類似“xxx不安全xxx”字樣，控制檯有以下錯誤：

Starting ChromeDriver (v2.9.248315) on port 42166
六月 05, 2017 10:55:37 下午 org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
資訊: Detected dialect: OSS
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: java.net.SocketException: Connection reset
Build info: version: '3.4.0', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown'
System info: host: 'LENOVO-PC', ip: '192.168.56.1', os.name: 'Windows 8.1', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '6.3', java.version: '1.8.0_51'
Driver info: driver.version: RemoteWebDriver
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:91)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:637)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.get(RemoteWebDriver.java:364)
	at selenium.WebDriverTest.Demo1.main(Demo1.java:18)
Caused by: java.net.SocketException: Connection reset
	at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
	at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.http.impl.io.SessionInputBufferImpl.streamRead(SessionInputBufferImpl.java:137)
	at org.apache.http.impl.io.SessionInputBufferImpl.fillBuffer(SessionInputBufferImpl.java:153)
	at org.apache.http.impl.io.SessionInputBufferImpl.readLine(SessionInputBufferImpl.java:282)
	at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpResponseParser.parseHead(DefaultHttpResponseParser.java:138)
	at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpResponseParser.parseHead(DefaultHttpResponseParser.java:56)
	at org.apache.http.impl.io.AbstractMessageParser.parse(AbstractMessageParser.java:259)
	at org.apache.http.impl.DefaultBHttpClientConnection.receiveResponseHeader(DefaultBHttpClientConnection.java:163)
	at org.apache.http.impl.conn.CPoolProxy.receiveResponseHeader(CPoolProxy.java:165)
	at org.apache.http.protocol.HttpRequestExecutor.doReceiveResponse(HttpRequestExecutor.java:273)
	at org.apache.http.protocol.HttpRequestExecutor.execute(HttpRequestExecutor.java:125)
	at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.MainClientExec.execute(MainClientExec.java:272)
	at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.ProtocolExec.execute(ProtocolExec.java:185)
	at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.RetryExec.execute(RetryExec.java:89)
	at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.RedirectExec.execute(RedirectExec.java:111)
	at org.apache.http.impl.client.InternalHttpClient.doExecute(InternalHttpClient.java:185)
	at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:72)
	at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:56)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.internal.ApacheHttpClient.fallBackExecute(ApacheHttpClient.java:139)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.internal.ApacheHttpClient.execute(ApacheHttpClient.java:87)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:161)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:82)
	... 3 more

unknown error: Runtime.executionContextCreated has invalid ‘context’: {“auxData”:{“frameId”:”11740.1”,”isDefault”:true},”id”:1,”name”:”“,”origin”:”://”} 
(Session info: chrome=xx.xx 
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.9.248307,platform=Windows xx) 

在notes.txt中可以詳細說明了各個版本的chromedriver和chrome瀏覽器的配套關係，查閱notes.txt可以知道例如2.29版本的driver就適配至chrome 58

----------ChromeDriver v2.29 (2017-04-04)----------
Supports Chrome v56-58
Resolved issue 1521: Assignment to Object.prototype.$family causes a crash [['Pri-1']]
Resolved issue 1482: Chromedriver cannot handle the alert generated by onbeforeunload event [['OS-All', 'Pri-2']]
Resolved issue 1315: |switch_to.window| does not visually switch tabs [['OS-All', 'Pri-3']]