說明：本文僅給出了使用Junit對編寫的持久化類及對映配置驗證的一個例子，對如何進行hibernate開發和配置及如何建立junit test case沒有介紹。

    hibernate開發過程中，當我們完成了持久化類開發和對映配置後，下一步是整合到團隊的程式碼庫中？或許很多人是這麼做的，忽略程式碼質量的檢測的是導致開發後期做系統整合時Bug氾濫的重要因素之一。

    白盒測試是軟體編碼過程中最重要的檢測方式，在使用hibernate 4做DAO模組開發時，通常會選擇Junit Test Case進行程式碼質量檢測。（從單元測試技術的角度來看，對持久化類和對映關係配置做測試，Junit Test Case屬於驅動模組。）

一、環境準備

        Eclipse  Java EE IDE for Web Developers（Mars.1 Release  4.5.1）

        hibernate 4.3.8 + JDK 7

二、測試程式碼

1. 持久化類（User）

package tcf.hibernate.bean;


import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Column;

//POJO
@Entity(name="t_user")
@Table
public class User {
	private int userid;//user id
	private String username;
	private String useraddress;
	private int userage;
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)//指定主鍵由資料庫自動生成
	public int getUserId() {
		return userid;
	}
	public void setUserId (int uid) {
		this.userid = uid;
	}
	
	// user name
	public String getUserName() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUserName (String uname) {
		this.username = uname;
	}
	
	// user address
	@Column(name="useraddr")
	public String getUserAddre() {
		return useraddress;
	}
	public void setUserAddre (String uaddr) {
		this.useraddress = uaddr;
	}
	
	//user age
	public int getUserAge() {
		return userage;
	}
	public void setUserAge (int uage) {
		this.userage = uage;
	}
}
 

2. hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
	
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 資料庫連線 -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</property>
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">123123</property>
        
        <!-- 本地事務，及操作JDBC的一個數據庫 -->
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>

        <!-- 連線池Jdbc connection pool C3P0-->
        <property name="connection.pool_size">5</property>
        
        <!-- 方言dialect -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		
		<!-- 是否顯示sql語句Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="format_sql">false</property>
		<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
		
		
		<!-- 對映配置 -->
		<mapping class="tcf.hibernate.bean.User"/>
		
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

 

3. JUnit程式碼

package tcf.hibernate.test;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

import tcf.hibernate.bean.User;

/* MAIN: @BeforeClass -> TEST* -> @AfterClass
 *		@BeforeClass, static, run once
 *		TEST*, test-cases is tagged by '@Test' one by one 
 *			TestCase 1: @Before -> @Test -> @After
 *			TestCase 2: @Before -> @Test -> @After
 *			...
 *			TestCase n: @Before -> @Test -> @After
 *		@AfterClass, static, run once
 */	
public class Junit2User {
	private static Configuration conf;
	private static SessionFactory sFactory;
	
	@BeforeClass
	public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
		conf = new Configuration().configure();
		StandardServiceRegistry reg = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
		sFactory = conf.buildSessionFactory(reg);
	}

	@AfterClass
	public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
		sFactory.close();
	}

	private Session session;
	private Transaction tr;
	
	@Before
	public void start() {
		session = sFactory.openSession();
		tr = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void end() {
		tr.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	
	@Test
	public void testSave() {
		User u = new User();
		
		u.setUserAddre("addr-junit");
		u.setUserAge(80);
		u.setUserName("name-junit");

		
		session.save(u);
	}
	@Test
	public void testSave2() {
		System.out.println("4");
		//fail("Not yet implemented");
		User u = new User();
		
		u.setUserAddre("addr-junit2");
		u.setUserAge(80);
		u.setUserName("name-junit2");

		
		session.save(u);

	}
}

4. Junit執行

    上面的Junit程式碼建立了兩個測試用例testSave1()、testSave2()，這兩個測試用例會順次執行，但執行的先後順序不一定。假設testSave1()先執行，各方法執行的過程如下：

setUpBeforeClass()

        ->start() -> testSave1() -> end()

        ->start() -> testSave2() -> end()

 ->  tearDownAfterClass()