兩種方案

1.利用ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary直接在python中呼叫

C++動態庫中函式的定義,關於動態庫的生成請參考GCC生成及呼叫動態庫和靜態庫

extern "C"{
 string c_r(){
 	return "test0\n";
 }
 char* c_t(){
 	return "test1\n";
 }
 }
 

python中呼叫

import ctypes
dl=ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary
lib=dl("./libreply.so")

因為型別轉換問題,如果呼叫c_r()，會直接崩潰

>>> reply=lib.c_r
>>> reply()
[1]    2618 segmentation fault (core dumped)  python
 

如果要呼叫c_t()，需要先設定函式的返回值型別

>>> reply=lib.c_t
>>> reply.restype=ctypes.c_char_p
>>> reply()
'test1\n'
>>> print(reply())
test1

但是如果中文的話還需要再解碼，新定義一個返回原值的函式

char* c_reply(char* inputStr){
	if(inputStr==NULL)
		return "需要輸入\n";
	else
     	return (char*)string(inputStr).c_str();
    
 }
 

>>> print(reply("你好").decode("utf-8"))
你好

如果沒有解碼為utf-8的話不能正常顯示中文

2.在C++檔案中呼叫<Python.h>將要使用的函式和類等封裝為python物件，然後作為一個模組供python使用

C++檔案如下

#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>

using namespace std;

void printHello(){
	cout<<"你好"<<endl;
}
int getInt(int i){
	return i;
}
char* getCharArr(char* s){
	return s;
}
string getStr(string s){
	return s;
}
#include "/usr/include/python2.7/Python.h"//Python.h的位置到裝python的地方找
static PyObject *  Ext_printHello(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)  
{  
    printHello();  
    return (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("");  
}  
static PyObject *  Ext_getInt(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)  
{  
    int num;  
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &num))  
        return NULL;  
    return (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("i", getInt(num));  
}  
static PyObject *  Ext_getCharArr(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)  
{  
    char* s;  
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &s))  
        return NULL;  
    return (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("s", getCharArr(s));  
}  
static PyObject *  Ext_getStr(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)  
{  
    string s;  
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &s))  
        return NULL;  
    return (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("s", getStr(s));  
} 
static PyMethodDef  ExtMethods[] =  
{  
    { "printHello", Ext_printHello, METH_VARARGS },  
    { "getInt", Ext_getInt, METH_VARARGS },  
    { "getCharArr", Ext_getCharArr, METH_VARARGS }, 
    { "getStr",Ext_getStr,METH_VARARGS}, 
    { NULL, NULL },  
};  
extern "C"{//extern "C"必須加，不然會找不到入口函式
void initExt()  
{  
    Py_InitModule("Ext", ExtMethods);  
} 
}
 

編譯為動態庫Ext.so

python中呼叫，漢字仍然需要解碼為utf-8

>>> import Ext
>>> Ext.printHello()
你好
>>> Ext.getInt(99)
99
>>> Ext.getCharArr("你好\n")
'\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd\n'
>>> print(Ext.getCharArr("你好\n").decode("utf-8"))
你好

>>> 

&呼叫Ext.getStr()時還是崩潰，看樣子是不支援string型別，只能用c_str()轉化為字串數字再返回

>>> Ext.getStr("hello")
[1]    5347 segmentation fault (core dumped)  python

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