shell指令碼處理JSON資料工具jq
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-21
原文
shell指令碼如何方便地處理JSON格式的資料呢，這裡介紹一個工具： jq 。
官方教程 簡單翻譯如下。
1、獲取JSON資料
我們以github上jq專案最新5條評論的JSON資料為例。獲取資料如下:
curl 'https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits?per_page=5'
結果如下：
[
{
"sha": "d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
"commit": {
"author": {
"name": "Stephen Dolan
2、高亮並按屬性排序顯示
用 jq '.'即可：
curl 'https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits?per_page=5' | jq '.'
結果：
[
{
"parents": [
{
"html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7",
"url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7",
"sha": "54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7"
},
{
"html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a",
"url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a",
"sha": "8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a"
}
],
"committer": {
"type": "User",
"received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/received_events",
"events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/events{/privacy}",
"repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/repos",
"organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/orgs",
...
這裡的評論內容比較多，我們現在想拿第一個評論。
3、獲取陣列某一項
curl 'https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits?per_page=5' | jq '.[0]'
結果：
{
"parents": [
{
"html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7",
"url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7",
"sha": "54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7"
},
{
"html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a",
"url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a",
"sha": "8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a"
}
],
"committer": {
"type": "User",
"received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/received_events",
"events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/events{/privacy}",
"repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/repos",
"organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/orgs",
"subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/subscriptions",
"starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
"gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/gists{/gist_id}",
"login": "stedolan",
"id": 79765,
"avatar_url": "https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/31de909d8e55dd07ed782d92ece59842?d=https%3A%2F%2Fidenticons.github.com%2Ffc5b6765b1c9cfaecea48ae71df4d279.png",
"gravatar_id": "31de909d8e55dd07ed782d92ece59842",
"url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan",
"html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan",
"followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/followers",
"following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/following{/other_user}"
},
"author": {
"type": "User",
"received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/received_events",
"events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/events{/privacy}",
"repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/repos",
"organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/orgs",
"subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/subscriptions",
"starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
"gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/gists{/gist_id}",
"login": "stedolan",
"id": 79765,
"avatar_url": "https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/31de909d8e55dd07ed782d92ece59842?d=https%3A%2F%2Fidenticons.github.com%2Ffc5b6765b1c9cfaecea48ae71df4d279.png",
"gravatar_id": "31de909d8e55dd07ed782d92ece59842",
"url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan",
"html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan",
"followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/followers",
"following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/following{/other_user}"
},
"comments_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f/comments",
"html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
"url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
"commit": {
"comment_count": 0,
"url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/git/commits/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
"tree": {
"url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/git/trees/6ab697a8dfb5a96e124666bf6d6213822599fb40",
"sha": "6ab697a8dfb5a96e124666bf6d6213822599fb40"
},
"message": "Merge pull request #162 from stedolan/utf8-fixes\n\nUtf8 fixes. Closes #161",
"committer": {
"date": "2013-06-22T16:30:59Z",
"email": "[email protected]",
"name": "Stephen Dolan"
},
"author": {
"date": "2013-06-22T16:30:59Z",
"email": "[email protected]",
"name": "Stephen Dolan"
}
},
"sha": "d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f"
}
View Code
可以看到，我們已經拿到了一條完整的評論內容。但我們真正關心的只是評論內容和使用者名稱，下面來獲取這兩項內容。
4、自定義格式輸出某一項
jq '.[0] | {message: .commit.message, name: .commit.committer.name}'
結果：
{
"name": "Stephen Dolan",
"message": "Merge pull request #162 from stedolan/utf8-fixes\n\nUtf8 fixes. Closes #161"
}
我們可以看到，已經拿到了想要的內容，並且已經按我們自己定義的格式顯示了。
這裡 | 後面的內容是以前面的內容為輸入的， .commit 中的 . 就是指 .[0] 中的內容。
5、自定義格式輸出多項
jq '.[] | {message: .commit.message, name: .commit.committer.name}'
結果：
{
"name": "Stephen Dolan",
"message": "Merge pull request #162 from stedolan/utf8-fixes\n\nUtf8 fixes. Closes #161"
}
{
"name": "Stephen Dolan