前言

前段時間寫了一個呼叫Camera拍照，並從相簿中選取圖片的小程式，但是當它在7.0的系統上執行時，直接崩潰，根本不能使用。
原來Android5.0、6.0、7.0增加了很多特性，我並沒有對此進行適配，從而導致了很多錯誤。

異常錯誤:

android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///storage/emulated/0/camera/1513393885728.jgp
exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()

java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: reading android.support.v4.content.FileProvider uri content://com.zxl.test_picture_camera/camera_gallery/camera/1514101205911.jgp from pid=5847, uid=10048 requires the provider be exported, or grantUriPermission()

java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: writing android.support.v4.content.FileProvider uri content://com.zxl.test_picture_camera/camera_gallery/camera/1514101317846.jgp from pid=8336, uid=10048 requires the provider be exported, or grantUriPermission()

功能點:

-許可權校驗
-許可權申請
-賦予第三方應用Uri許可權
-開啟照相機
-開啟相簿

1.許可權校驗

public static boolean checkPermission(Context context, String permissionStr){
    boolean result = true;
    if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M){
        result = context.checkSelfPermission(permissionStr) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
    }else{
        result = PermissionChecker.checkSelfPermission(context,permissionStr) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
    }
    return result;
}
 

1.1 Camera許可權校驗

Manifest.permission.CAMERA

public static boolean checkCameraPermission(Context context){
    return  checkPermission(context, Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
}

1.2 外部儲存目錄許可權校驗

Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

public static boolean checkSDCardPermission(Context context){
    return  checkPermission(context, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) && checkPermission(context,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
}

2.許可權申請

AndroidManifest.xml新增許可權:
android.permission.CAMERA
android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

在Android6.0以後有的許可權需要主動去申請
requestPermissions

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
public static void requestPermission(Activity activity, String[] permissionStrs, int requestCode){					      
	activity.requestPermissions(permissionStrs,requestCode);
}

2.1 Camera許可權申請

requestPermissions Manifest.permission.CAMERA

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
public static void requestCameraPermission(Activity activity, int requestCode){
    requestPermission(activity,new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},requestCode);
}

2.2 外部儲存目錄許可權申請

requestPermissions Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
public static void requestSDCardPermission(Activity activity, int requestCode){
    requestPermission(activity,new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},requestCode);
}

2.3 許可權申請結果回撥

通過Activity回撥介面獲取結果
onRequestPermissionsResult

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
	super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}

2.4 許可權申請結果校驗

PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED

public static boolean checkRequestPermissionsResult(int[] grantResults){
    if(grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

3.賦予第三方應用Uri許可權

當獲取到圖片後，需要進行裁剪，這需要將原圖片、裁剪後到圖片的儲存路徑都要給裁剪應用，並且要封裝成Uri通過Intent傳遞，在Android7.0增加了第三方應用讀取Uri的許可權校驗

3.1 配置共享檔案目錄資原始檔

在res/xml下新建資原始檔file_path.xml
files-path與Context.getFilesDir()相同的目錄
external-path與Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()相同的目錄
cache-path與getCacheDir()相同的目錄
name為別名
path為表示對應型別的根目錄

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <paths>
        <files-path
            name="camera_gallery"
            path=""/>
        <external-path
            name="camera_gallery"
            path=""/>
        <cache-path
            name="camera_gallery"
            path=""/>
    </paths> 
</resources>

3.2 配置provider

AndroidManifest.xml新增provider

<provider
android:authorities="com.zxl.test_picture_camera"
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
	<meta-data
		android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
		android:resource="@xml/file_path"/>
</provider>

3.3 生成Uri

FileProvider.getUriForFile

private static Uri getFileUri(Context context,String filePath){
    Uri mUri = null;
    File mFile = new File(filePath);
    if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N){
        mUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context,"com.zxl.test_picture_camera",mFile);
    }else{
        mUri = Uri.fromFile(mFile);
    }
    return mUri;
}

3.4 賦予Uri讀取許可權

Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION

if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N){
	mIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
}

3.5 賦予Uri寫許可權

通過Intent找到符合的要開啟的Activity
activity.grantUriPermission
Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION

List resInfoList = queryActivityByIntent(activity,mIntent);
if (resInfoList.size() == 0) {
    showMsg(activity, "沒有合適的應用程式");
    return;
}
Iterator resInfoIterator = resInfoList.iterator();
while (resInfoIterator.hasNext()) {
    ResolveInfo resolveInfo = (ResolveInfo) resInfoIterator.next();
    String packageName = resolveInfo.activityInfo.packageName;
    activity.grantUriPermission(packageName, desUri, Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
}

private static List<ResolveInfo> queryActivityByIntent(Activity activity, Intent intent){
	List resInfoList = activity.getPackageManager().queryIntentActivities(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);
	return resInfoList;
}

4.開啟照相機

public static void startCamera(Activity activity,int requestCode,String filePath){
    if(hasSdcard()){
        Intent mOpenCameraIntent = new Intent();
        mOpenCameraIntent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);

        Uri desUri = getFileUri(activity,filePath);

        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N){
            //已申請camera許可權
            //mOpenCameraIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
        }

        mOpenCameraIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,desUri);
        activity.startActivityForResult(mOpenCameraIntent,requestCode);
    }else{
        showMsg(activity,"裝置沒有SD卡!");
    }
}

5.開啟相簿

public static void startGallery(Activity activity,int requestCode){
    if(hasSdcard()){
        Intent mOpenGalleryIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
        mOpenGalleryIntent.setType("image/*");
        activity.startActivityForResult(mOpenGalleryIntent,requestCode);
    }else{
        showMsg(activity,"裝置沒有SD卡!");
    }
}

6.裁剪圖片

public static void startCropImage(Activity activity, Uri originUri, Uri desUri, int aspectX, int aspectY, int outputX, int outputY, int requestCode){
    Intent mIntent = new Intent();
    mIntent.setAction("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
    mIntent.setDataAndType(originUri,"image/*");

    List resInfoList = queryActivityByIntent(activity,mIntent);
    if (resInfoList.size() == 0) {
        showMsg(activity, "沒有合適的應用程式");
        return;
    }
    Iterator resInfoIterator = resInfoList.iterator();
    while (resInfoIterator.hasNext()) {
        ResolveInfo resolveInfo = (ResolveInfo) resInfoIterator.next();
        String packageName = resolveInfo.activityInfo.packageName;
        activity.grantUriPermission(packageName, desUri, Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
    }


    if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N){
        mIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
    }


    mIntent.putExtra("crop","true");
    mIntent.putExtra("aspectX",aspectX);
    mIntent.putExtra("aspectY",aspectY);
    mIntent.putExtra("outputX",outputX);
    mIntent.putExtra("outputY",outputY);
    mIntent.putExtra("scale",true);

    mIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, desUri);
    mIntent.putExtra("return-data",false);
    mIntent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString());
    mIntent.putExtra("noFaceDetection",true);

    activity.startActivityForResult(mIntent,requestCode);
}