CentOS 7 中yum安裝MariaDB

1. 甚至倉庫

curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash

2.執行安裝

yum install MariaDB-server

3.啟動服務

systemctl start mysql.service

4.服務隨系統啟動

systemctl enable mysql.service

5.取消隨系統啟動

systemctl disable mysql.service

6.修改root密碼和遠端訪問許可權

命令列輸入mysql,進到資料庫命令提示行，use mysql,

grant all privileges on *.* to [email protected]"%" identified by "mima";  
flush privileges;

‘all privileges ‘:所有許可權 也可以寫成 select ,update等。
. 所有庫的所有表 如 databasename.*。
% 資料庫所在的IP, %表示所有。
identified by ‘密碼’ 表示通過密碼連線

MariaDB字符集編碼

檢視資料庫支援的所有字符集
SHOW CHARACTER SET;
SHOW COLLATION;

一.檢視編碼

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';

預設是latin1,外部訪問資料亂碼的問題就出在這個connection連線層上

二.設定編碼
命令列修改
1. SET NAMES ‘utf8’;
它相當於下面的三句指令：
SET character_set_client = utf8;
SET character_set_results = utf8;
SET character_set_connection = utf8;
一般只有在訪問之前執行這個程式碼就解決問題了

1. 建立資料庫是指定編碼
   CREATE DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET utf8;

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE foo CHARACTER SET utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> USE foo;

Database changed

MariaDB [foo]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘character%’;

+————————–+—————————-+

| Variable_name | Value |

+————————–+—————————-+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | latin1 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+————————–+—————————-+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [foo]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘collation%’;

+———————-+——————-+

| Variable_name | Value |

+———————-+——————-+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |

+———————-+——————-+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意：雖然在建庫的時候有指定字符集，但character_set_server 仍然是latin1, 需要修改配置檔案/etc/my.cnf

1. 建立表指定編碼
   CREATE TABLE type (
   id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
   flag_deleted enum(‘Y’,’N’) character set utf8 NOT NULL default ‘N’,
   flag_type int(5) NOT NULL default ‘0’,
   type_name varchar(50) character set utf8 NOT NULL default ”,
   PRIMARY KEY (id)
   ) DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
   示例：

CREATE TABLE mytable

(

columnn1 INT,

columnn2 VARCHAR(10)

)DEFAULT CHARACTER SET hebrew COLLATE hebrew_general_ci;

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE mytable

(columnn1 INT,

columnn2 VARCHAR(10),

column3 VARCHAR(10) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_general_ci

)DEFAULT CHARACTER SET hebrew COLLATE hebrew_general_ci;

SELECT * FROM customers ORDER BY lastname, firstname COLLATE latin1_general_cs;

還可以限制某個欄位的字符集作為篩選條件

1. 修改資料庫成utf8
   ALTER DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET utf8;

2. 修改表預設用utf8
   ALTER TABLE table_name CHARACTER SET utf8;

3. 修改欄位用utf8
   MariaDB [foo]> DESC hello;

+——-+———-+——+—–+———+——-+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+——-+———-+——+—–+———+——-+

| id | int(10) | YES | | NULL | |

| name | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |

+——-+———-+——+—–+———+——-+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [foo]> ALTER TABLE hello MODIFY name char(50) CHARACTER SET utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

配置檔案
Linux下一般是 /etc/my.cnf，Windows下一般在系統目錄下或者在MySQL的安裝目錄下名字叫my.ini

[mysqld]
character_set_server = utf8
lower_case_table_names = 1 //表名不區分大小寫（此與編碼無關）

[mysqld_safe]
character_set_server = utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

[mysql.server]
default-character-set = utf8

[client]
default-character-set = utf8

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 2

Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘collation%’;

+———————-+—————–+

| Variable_name | Value |

+———————-+—————–+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |

+———————-+—————–+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘character%’;

+————————–+—————————-+

| Variable_name | Value |

+————————–+—————————-+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+————————–+—————————-+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意：新版本的mariadb,如mariadb-10.1的配置些許有些變化
[mysqld]
init_connect = ‘SET collation_connection = utf8_general_ci’

init_connect = ‘SET NAMES utf8’

character_set_server = utf8

collation_server = utf8_general_ci

[mysqld_safe]
init_connect = ‘SET collation_connection = utf8_general_ci’

init_connect = ‘SET NAMES utf8’

character_set_server = utf8

collation_server = utf8_general_ci