J2EE專案系列（三）--Spring Data JPA+Spring+SpringMVC+Maven快速開發（1）專案架構
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-23
好久沒給大家弄Java後端專案系列了，因為接了Java後端外包以及學習一些後端優化的東西。而現在開始慢慢在這個系列的（三）逐漸把後端外包的一些有價值的東西分享給大家，並且自己也總結一遍嘛。
文章結構：（1）專案環境搭建；（2）簡單業務邏輯測試框架；（3）專案配置注意點；（4）快速開發上手技巧；
一、專案環境搭建：
專案框架：Spring Data JPA+Spring+SpringMVC+Maven+JDK1.7+Tomcat7.0
使用IDEA開發
（1）Maven構建：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" （2）.spring配置檔案：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--掃描資原始檔-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties" ignore-unresolvable="true"/>
<!--Druid資料來源-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${database.driverClassName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${database.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${database.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${database.password}" />
<!-- 申請連線時執行validationQuery檢測連線是否有效，配置為true會降低效能 -->
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" />
<property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />
<!-- 申請連線的時候檢測 -->
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="false" />
<!-- 配置間隔多久才進行一次檢測，檢測需要關閉的空閒連線，單位是毫秒 -->
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="1800000" />
<!-- 配置一個連線在池中最小生存的時間，單位是毫秒 -->
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="1800000" />
<property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="false" />
</bean>
<!-- 指定事務管理器，JPA使用JpaTransactionManager事務管理器實現. -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 指定JPA實現 -->
<bean id="jpaVendorAdapter"
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="showSql" value="false" />
</bean>
<!-- 適用於所有環境的FactoryBean，能全面控制EntityManagerFactory配置,如指定Spring定義的DataSource等等. -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<!-- 指定持久化單元名字，即JPA配置檔案中指定的 -->
<property name="persistenceUnitName" value="com.ima" />
<!-- 見上 -->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="jpaVendorAdapter" />
<!-- 見上 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!-- 對映jpa介面-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.ima.repository" />
<!-- 開啟事務管理註解 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>
（3）.springMVC的配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 開啟SpringMVC註解 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 只掃描Controller 註解 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ima.controller" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 定義檢視解析器 -->
<bean id="resourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
<property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<!-- 用於返回json格式 -->
<bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--上傳檔案配置-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
</bean>
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<!--字串編碼轉換-->
<bean id="stringHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
（4）.資料來源的配置：
database.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/aidou?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
database.username=root
database.password=751197996
database.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver（5）.log4j的日誌配置（見原始碼）
（6）.JPA的配置包，指定持久化單元：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
version="2.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="com.ima" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<!--ENABLE_SELECTIVE[(預設和推薦值):實體不快取,除非明確標記為可快取的。] DISABLE_SELECTIVE[實體快取,除非明確標記為不快取] NONE[無快取] ALL[全部快取]-->
<shared-cache-mode>ENABLE_SELECTIVE</shared-cache-mode>
<properties>
<!-- 使用MySQL方言 -->
<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql:///aidou" />
<property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root" />
<property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="751197996" />
<property name="hibernate.connection.charSet" value="UTF-8" />
<!-- 自動輸出schema建立DDL語句 -->
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" />
<!-- 顯示SQL語句 -->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
<!-- 在顯示SQL語句時格式化語句 -->
<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
<property name="hibernate.use_sql_comments" value="true" />
<!--org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheRegionFactory -->
<!-- Enable Batching -->
<property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size" value="20" />
<property name="hibernate.default_batch_fetch_size" value="10" />
<!-- Hibernate二級快取相關配置 -->