1.認識plugin

告訴gradle某個專案是特殊的專案。比如java和android

2.定義java專案

apply plugin: 'java'

就一步就可以定義一個java專案。上面就是告訴gradle我需要你準備java專案所需的元件來滿足需求。

3.java專案的目錄結構

存放java原始碼的目錄：src/main/java

mkdir -p src/main/java

存放測試原始碼的目錄：src/test/java

mkdir -p src/test/java

存放jar包要包含的其他檔案（例如資原始檔）的目錄：src/main/resources

存放執行case需要的檔案的目錄：src/test/resources

所有新生成的檔案存放目錄：build

存放jar包目錄或者java專案自身壓縮後的jar包存放的目錄：build/libs

(build目錄gradle會自己生成)。

4.構建專案

使用gradle build命令

qianhuis-Mac-mini:1228_1 qianhui$ gradle build
:compileJava UP-TO-DATE
:processResources UP-TO-DATE
:classes UP-TO-DATE
:jar
:assemble
:compileTestJava UP-TO-DATE
:processTestResources UP-TO-DATE
:testClasses UP-TO-DATE
:test UP-TO-DATE
:check UP-TO-DATE
:build

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 10.155 secs
 

專案的根目錄下多了build目錄，build下多了libs和tmp兩個資料夾。

5.清除上次的構建

使用命令 gradle clean

qianhuis-Mac-mini:1228_1 qianhui$ gradle clean
:clean

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 3.764 secs

會發現build目錄消失了。

6.只編譯java原始碼，生成jar包。不執行測試

使用命令gradle assemble

qianhuis-Mac-mini:1228_1 qianhui$ gradle assemble
:compileJava UP-TO-DATE
:processResources UP-TO-DATE
:classes UP-TO-DATE
:jar
:assemble

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 9.968 secs
 

注意它和build的區別在於，執行只到:assemble就停止了，生成build目錄，而build還多了以下任務。

:compileTestJava UP-TO-DATE
:processTestResources UP-TO-DATE
:testClasses UP-TO-DATE
:test UP-TO-DATE
:check UP-TO-DATE
:build

7.編譯和測試程式碼

qianhuis-Mac-mini:1228_1 qianhui$ gradle check
:compileJava UP-TO-DATE
:processResources UP-TO-DATE
:classes UP-TO-DATE
:compileTestJava UP-TO-DATE
:processTestResources UP-TO-DATE
:testClasses UP-TO-DATE
:test UP-TO-DATE
:check UP-TO-DATE

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 2.854 secs

只進行測試，不生成build目錄。

8.擴充套件依賴－dependencies

java專案一般會依賴外部jar包，之前我們都會通過maven獲取這些jar包。gradle也是這麼做多。使用

repositories 

任務來獲取maven中央庫。這是專案告訴gradle去什麼地方找所需要的jar包。具體如下

apply plugin: 'java'

repositories{
        mavenCentral()
}

在java編譯的時候，需要一些用到一些jar包。這個時候可以通過dependencies任務來指定這些依賴的jar包，構建專案的時候，gradle會去中央庫裡下載這些jar包到本地

apply plugin: 'java'

repositories{
        mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
        compile group:'commons-collections',name:'commons-collections',version:'3.2'
        testCompile group:'junit',name:'junit',version:'4.0+'
}

9.定製專案

修改MANIFEST.MF檔案中的內容

Manifest-Version: 1.0

給該檔案新增一些熟悉

apply plugin: 'java'

repositories{
        mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
        compile group:'commons-collections',name:'commons-collections',version:'3.2'
        testCompile group:'junit',name:'junit',version:'4.0+'
}

sourceCompatibility = 1.5
version = '1.0'
jar {
        manifest {
                attributes 'Implementation-Title':'Gradle Quickstart',
                        'Implementation-Version':version
        }
}

然後該檔案的內容會新增2個屬性。而且生成的jar包也會多加了個字尾

Manifest-Version: 1.0
Implementation-Title: Gradle Quickstart
Implementation-Version: 1.0

jar包名為：1228_1-1.0.jar

說明我們可以隨意的給任務新增屬性。

給某一個任務新增一個系統屬性

test {
    systemProperties 'property': 'value'
}

可以通過命令gradle properties來瀏覽所有的屬性

qianhuis-Mac-mini:1228_1 qianhui$ gradle properties
:properties

------------------------------------------------------------
Root project
------------------------------------------------------------

allprojects: [root project '1228_1']
ant: [email protected]
antBuilderFactory: [email protected]e
archivesBaseName: 1228_1
artifacts: org.gra[email protected]23af4eff
asDynamicObject: [email protected]
assemble: task ':assemble'
baseClassLoaderScope: [email protected]dcac775
binaries: [classes 'main', classes 'test']
build: task ':build'
buildDependents: task ':buildDependents'
buildDir: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1/build
buildFile: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1/build.gradle
buildNeeded: task ':buildNeeded'
buildScriptSource: [email protected]
buildTasks: [build]
buildscript: [email protected]1fb5
check: task ':check'
childProjects: {}
class: class org.gradle.api.internal.project.DefaultProject_Decorated
classLoaderScope: [email protected]064dd87
classes: task ':classes'
clean: task ':clean'
compileJava: task ':compileJava'
compileTestJava: task ':compileTestJava'
components: [[email protected]]
configurationActions: org.gradle.c[email protected]44ad12cd
configurations: [configuration ':archives', configuration ':compile', configuration ':default', configuration ':runtime', configuration ':testCompile', configuration ':testRuntime']
convention: [email protected]
defaultArtifacts: org.grad[email protected]6d97b851
defaultTasks: []
dependencies: org.gradle.api.interna[email protected]3c6060d
dependencyCacheDir: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1/build/dependency-cache
dependencyCacheDirName: dependency-cache
depth: 0
description: null
distsDir: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1/build/distributions
distsDirName: distributions
docsDir: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1/build/docs
docsDirName: docs
ext: [email protected]3db7416a
extensions: [email protected]
fileOperations: [email protected]
fileResolver: [email protected]
gradle: build '1228_1'
group: 
inheritedScope: org.gradle.api.internal.ExtensibleDyna[email protected]
jar: task ':jar'
javadoc: task ':javadoc'
libsDir: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1/build/libs
libsDirName: libs
logger: [email protected]
logging: [email protected]
modelRegistry: [email protected]
module: [email protected]
name: 1228_1
parent: null
parentIdentifier: null
path: :
plugins: [[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]]
processOperations: [email protected]
processResources: task ':processResources'
processTestResources: task ':processTestResources'
project: root project '1228_1'
projectDir: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1
projectEvaluationBroadcaster: ProjectEvaluationListener broadcast
projectEvaluator: [email protected]288
projectRegistry: [email protected]
properties: {...}
rebuildTasks: [clean, build]
reporting: [email protected]
reportsDir: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1/build/reports
repositories: [org.gradle.api.internal.[email protected]54bbc891]
resources: [email protected]c
rootDir: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1
rootProject: root project '1228_1'
runtimeClasspath: file collection
scriptHandlerFactory: org[email protected]1493f48b
scriptPluginFactory: [email protected]
serviceRegistryFactory: [email protected]3
services: ProjectScopeServices
sourceCompatibility: 1.5
sourceSets: [source set 'main', source set 'test']
sources: [source set 'main', source set 'test']
standardOutputCapture: [email protected]
state: project state 'EXECUTED'
status: integration
subprojects: []
targetCompatibility: 1.5
tasks: [task ':assemble', task ':build', task ':buildDependents', task ':buildNeeded', task ':check', task ':classes', task ':clean', task ':compileJava', task ':compileTestJava', task ':jar', task ':javadoc', task ':processResources', task ':processTestResources', task ':properties', task ':test', task ':testClasses']
test: task ':test'
testClasses: task ':testClasses'
testReportDir: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1/build/reports/tests
testReportDirName: tests
testResultsDir: /Users/qianhui/Documents/Developer/gradle_project/1228_1/build/test-results
testResultsDirName: test-results
version: 1.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 3.311 secs

10.釋出專案

sourceCompatibility = 1.5
version = '2.0'
jar {
        manifest {
                attributes 'Implementation-Title':'Gradle Quickstart',
                        'Implementation-Version':version
        }
}

test {
        systemProperties 'property':'value'
}

uploadArchives {
        repositories {
                flatDir {
                        dirs 'repos'
                }
        }
}

執行該task:

qianhuis-Mac-mini:1228_1 qianhui$ gradle uploadArchives
:compileJava UP-TO-DATE
:processResources UP-TO-DATE
:classes UP-TO-DATE
:jar
:uploadArchives

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 3.205 secs

在專案根目錄下生成repos目錄，裡面生成了可釋出的jar包和xml檔案等。