1.下載並安裝jdk6
  注意，版本一定要是jdk6,其他版本都會有問題。
  網上流傳的方法大都是apt-get install來安裝jdk，實際操作證明這樣是不行的，下面給出個下載jdk6的地址
  https://jdk6.java.net/download.html  在這裡根據自己機器配置情況選擇自解壓檔案(self-extracting)就好了
  上面下載得到jdk-6u38-linux-x64.bin檔案，改變屬性使其擁有可執行許可權。
  ./jdk-6u38-ea-bin-b04-linux-i586-31_oct_2012.bin即可安裝

2.Linux配置jdk的環境變數

# set jdk environment  
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_38
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH  
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH  
 

3.更新環境變數使其生效
   (1) 配置JAVA_HOME和PATH環境變數 $ sudo vi /etc/profile 在該檔案的末尾加上如下部分： JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_45
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME
export PATH (2) 配置ubuntu的JDK和JRE的位置 $ sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java" 1 $ sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/javac" 1 $ sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/javaws" 1 (3) 配置Oracle為系統預設JDK/JRE $ sudo update-alternatives --set java /usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java $ sudo update-alternatives --set javac /usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/javac
$ sudo update-alternatives --set javaws /usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/javaws 配置完成後，執行如下命令使其立即生效。 $ . /etc/profile

  java -version
  若能看到自己安裝的jdk6的版本號則說明jdk環境變數已經配置成功

6.預先要安裝的其他軟體
  說明下，為保證編譯過程中不老是缺少某些軟體而中斷，所以我們一定要做好準備工作，不打任何一場無準備的仗。
  網上很多前輩都已經給出來了不少要提前安裝好的軟體，下面我把它們集中整理出來。
  sudo apt-get install build-essential
  sudo apt-get install make
  sudo apt-get install gcc
  sudo apt-get install g++
  sudo apt-get install libc6-dev
  sudo apt-get install patch
  sudo apt-get install texinfo
  sudo apt-get install libncurses-dev
  sudo apt-get install git-core gnupg
  sudo apt-get install flex
  sudo apt-get install bison
  sudo apt-get install gperf
  sudo apt-get install libsdl-dev
  sudo apt-get install libesd0-dev
  sudo apt-get install libwxgtk2.6-dev
  sudo apt-get install build-essential
  sudo apt-get install zip
  sudo apt-get install curl
  sudo apt-get install ncurses-dev
  sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
  sudo apt-get install valgrind
  sudo apt-get install python2.5(該軟體我沒有安裝成功，最後也沒出什麼問題)
  sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0:i386
  sudo apt-get install libpangox-1.0-0:i386
  sudo apt-get install libpangoxft-1.0-0:i386
  sudo apt-get install libidn11:i386
  sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio:i386
  sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-base:i386
  sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-good:i386
  sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg:i386(該軟體我沒有安裝成功，最後也沒出什麼問題)
 
  再加個說明：上面的軟體中最後幾個以i386是因為一個錯誤(具體什麼錯誤現在實在記不起來了)，錯誤原因就是需要安裝ia32-libs的軟體包64位Linux(Ubuntu)上編譯Android原始碼時還需要一個32位Linux的包，所以需要這個ia32-libs的支援包，但這個ia32-libs的軟體包在網上根本沒有找到，也沒發現實際可用的解決方案，但從Ubuntu官網上來看，這個ia32-libs其實就是若干軟體包的合集，所以下載安裝其中的那麼幾個軟體包就可以達到我們的目的。
 
7.正式編譯Android原始碼
  做了那麼多的準備工作，現在終於可以做正事了。根據Android官網的說法，編譯Android原始碼執行下面三個命令即可

  ①source build/envsetup.sh

including device/asus/tilapia/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/flo/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/grouper/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/deb/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/armv7-a-neon/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/mips/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/x86/vendorsetup.sh
including device/samsung/manta/vendorsetup.sh
including device/lge/hammerhead/vendorsetup.sh
including device/lge/mako/vendorsetup.sh
including sdk/bash_completion/adb.bash
[email protected]:~/AOSP$ lunch full-eng

============================================

  ②lunch full-eng

    此時要選擇一個編譯平臺

PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL
PLATFORM_VERSION=4.4
TARGET_PRODUCT=full
TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng
TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release
TARGET_BUILD_APPS=
TARGET_ARCH=arm
TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv7-a
TARGET_CPU_VARIANT=generic
HOST_ARCH=x86
HOST_OS=linux
HOST_OS_EXTRA=Linux-3.19.0-25-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.04-trusty
HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release
BUILD_ID=KRT16M
OUT_DIR=out
============================================

  ③make -j4
    這裡的n注意取值，網上一般說法是CPU核數的兩倍，還有一說是CPU核數加1。到底哪個更準確我也沒有驗證。
    但要值得提醒的是，雖然n用一個大的值會使編譯速度加快，但如果n取值過大，編譯是會報錯的。
    如果實在不確定n應該用什麼值，那就直接用make命令吧。
   
    從編譯開始到編譯結束，中間仍有可能有錯哦，所有不要掉以輕心，隨時看著點，以便及時解決掉。注意：解決掉錯誤以後，重複上面的3小步，會接著編譯。我是在Window7下安裝的Ubuntu14.04,分配空間是100G，直接用的make -j4命令，編譯2個多小時吧

編譯結果如下：

Processing target/product/generic/obj/APPS/Email_intermediates/package.apk
Done!
Install: out/target/product/generic/system/app/Email.odex
Install: out/target/product/generic/system/app/Email.apk
target Symbolic: libwebviewchromium (out/target/product/generic/symbols/system/lib/libwebviewchromium.so)
target Strip: libwebviewchromium (out/target/product/generic/obj/lib/libwebviewchromium.so)
Install: out/target/product/generic/system/lib/libwebviewchromium.so
Install: out/target/product/generic/system/framework/webviewchromium.jar
Install: out/target/product/generic/fake_packages/webview-timestamp
build/tools/generate-notice-files.py  out/target/product/generic/obj/NOTICE.txt  out/target/product/generic/obj/NOTICE.html "Notices for files contained in the filesystem images in this directory:" out/target/product/generic/obj/NOTICE_FILES/src
Combining NOTICE files into HTML
Combining NOTICE files into text
Installed file list: out/target/product/generic/installed-files.txt
Target system fs image: out/target/product/generic/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img
Running:  mkuserimg.sh out/target/product/generic/system out/target/product/generic/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img ext4 system 576716800 out/target/product/generic/root/file_contexts
+ echo 'in mkuserimg.sh PATH=out/host/linux-x86/bin/:/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_38/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/out/host/linux-x86/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-linux-androideabi-4.7/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.7/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/mips/mipsel-linux-android-4.7/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/development/emulator/qtools:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-linux-androideabi-4.7/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.7/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/development/scripts:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/devtools/tools:/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_38/bin:/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_38/jre/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games'
in mkuserimg.sh PATH=out/host/linux-x86/bin/:/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_38/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/out/host/linux-x86/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-linux-androideabi-4.7/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.7/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/mips/mipsel-linux-android-4.7/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/development/emulator/qtools:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-linux-androideabi-4.7/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.7/bin:/home/yetmare/ASOP/development/scripts:/home/yetmare/ASOP/prebuilts/devtools/tools:/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_38/bin:/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_38/jre/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
+ ENABLE_SPARSE_IMAGE=
+ '[' out/target/product/generic/system = -s ']'
+ '[' 6 -ne 5 -a 6 -ne 6 ']'
+ SRC_DIR=out/target/product/generic/system
+ '[' '!' -d out/target/product/generic/system ']'
+ OUTPUT_FILE=out/target/product/generic/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img
+ EXT_VARIANT=ext4
+ MOUNT_POINT=system
+ SIZE=576716800
+ FC=out/target/product/generic/root/file_contexts
+ case $EXT_VARIANT in
+ '[' -z system ']'
+ '[' -z 576716800 ']'
+ '[' -n out/target/product/generic/root/file_contexts ']'
+ FCOPT='-S out/target/product/generic/root/file_contexts'
+ MAKE_EXT4FS_CMD='make_ext4fs  -S out/target/product/generic/root/file_contexts -l 576716800 -a system out/target/product/generic/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img out/target/product/generic/system'
+ echo make_ext4fs -S out/target/product/generic/root/file_contexts -l 576716800 -a system out/target/product/generic/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img out/target/product/generic/system
make_ext4fs -S out/target/product/generic/root/file_contexts -l 576716800 -a system out/target/product/generic/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img out/target/product/generic/system
+ make_ext4fs -S out/target/product/generic/root/file_contexts -l 576716800 -a system out/target/product/generic/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img out/target/product/generic/system
Creating filesystem with parameters:
    Size: 576716800
    Block size: 4096
    Blocks per group: 32768
    Inodes per group: 7040
    Inode size: 256
    Journal blocks: 2200
    Label: 
    Blocks: 140800
    Block groups: 5
    Reserved block group size: 39
Created filesystem with 1263/35200 inodes and 81851/140800 blocks
+ '[' 0 -ne 0 ']'
Install system fs image: out/target/product/generic/system.img
out/target/product/generic/system.img+ maxsize=588791808 blocksize=2112 total=576716800 reserve=5947392
    

至此，Linux(ubuntu14.04)上編譯Android原始碼的環境搭建及編譯全過程已經結束了。

8.在模擬器中執行

在模擬器中執行的步驟就比較簡單了，只需在終端中執行如下命令即可：

emulator

執行成功後的介面如下：

最後在贈送一個Ubuntu上安裝7z軟體包的命令及使用方法

安裝7z：apt-get install p7zip-full
使用7z：7z x file file是要解壓的檔名
轉自：jileniao.net/linux-android-building.html