1. 程式人生 > >關於try-catch-finally-return語句的執行順序

關於try-catch-finally-return語句的執行順序

直接貼程式碼

main函式

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("=============NoException==================");
        System.out.println(noException());
        System.out.println("===============================");
        System.out.println("=============NoException1=================="
); System.out.println(noException1()); System.out.println("==============================="); System.out.println("=============WithException=================="); System.out.println(WithException()); System.out.println("==============================="); System.out
.println("=============WithException1=================="); System.out.println(WithException1()); System.out.println("==============================="); System.out.println("=============WithException2=================="); System.out.println(WithException2()); System.out
.println("==============================="); System.out.println("=============WithException3=================="); System.out.println(WithException3()); System.out.println("==============================="); }

1.try中沒有異常,try,catch,finally中都有return語句

測試程式碼:

 public static int noException() {
        int i = 10;
        try {
            System.out.println("i in try block is :" + i);
            return --i;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            --i;
            System.out.println("i in catch block is :" + i);
            return --i;
        } finally {
            System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:" + i);
            return --i;
        }
    }

執行結果:

=============NoException==================
i in try block is :10
i in finally - from try or catch block is9
8
===============================

執行順序:
執行try塊,執行到return語句時,先執行return的語句,–i,但是不返回到main方法,執行finally塊,
遇到finally塊中的return語句,執行–i,並將值返回到main方法,這裡就不會再回去返回try塊中計算得到的值。
結論:
try-catch-finally都有return語句時,沒有異常時,返回值是finally中的return返回的。

2.try中沒有異常丟擲,僅try和catch中有return

測試程式碼:

    public static int noException1() {
        int i = 10;
        try {
            System.out.println("i in try block is:" + i);
            return --i;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            --i;
            System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:" + i);
            return --i;
        } finally {
            System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:" + i);
            --i;
            System.out.println("i in finally block is:" + i);
            //return --i;
        }
    }

執行結果:

=============NoException1==================
i in try block is10
i in finally - from try or catch block is9
i in finally block is8
9
===============================

執行順序:
try中執行完return的語句後,不返回,執行finally塊,finally塊執行結束後,返回到try塊中,返回i在try塊中最後的值。

結論:
try-catch都有return語句時,沒有異常時,返回值是try中的return返回的。

3.try塊中丟擲異常,try、catch和finally中都有return語句

測試程式碼:

    public static int WithException() {
        int i = 10;
        try {
            System.out.println("i in try block is:" + i);
            i = i / 0;
            return --i;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:" + i);
            --i;
            System.out.println("i in catch block is:" + i);
            return --i;
        } finally {
            System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is--" + i);
            --i;
            System.out.println("i in finally block is--" + i);
            return --i;
        }
    }

執行結果:

=============WithException==================
i in try block is10
i in catch - form try block is10
i in catch block is9
i in finally - from try or catch block is--8
i in finally block is--7
6
===============================

執行順序:
丟擲異常後,執行catch塊,在catch塊的return的–i執行完後,並不直接返回而是執行finally,因finally中有return語句, 所以,執行,返回結果6。
結論:
try塊中丟擲異常,try、catch和finally中都有return語句,返回值是finally中的return。

4.try塊中丟擲異常,try和catch中都有return語句

測試程式碼:

   public static int WithException1() {
        int i = 10;
        try {
            System.out.println("i in try block is:" + i);
            i = i / 0;
            return --i;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:" + i);
            return --i;
        } finally {

            System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:" + i);
            --i;
            System.out.println("i in finally block is:" + i);
            //return i;
        }
    }

執行結果:

=============WithException1==================
i in try block is10
i in catch - form try block is10
i in finally - from try or catch block is9
i in finally block is8
9
===============================

執行順序:
丟擲異常後,執行catch塊,執行完finally語句後,依舊返回catch中的執行return語句後的值,而不是finally中修改的值。
結論:
返回的catch中return值。

5.try、catch中都出現異常,在finally中有返回

測試程式碼:

    public static int WithException2() {
        int i = 10;
        try {
            System.out.println("i in try block is:" + i);
            i = i / 0;
            return --i;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:" + i);
            int j = i / 0;
            return --i;
        } finally {

            System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:" + i);
            --i;
            --i;
            System.out.println("i in finally block is:" + i);
            return --i;
        }
    }

執行結果:

=============WithException2==================
i in try block is10
i in catch - form try block is10
i in finally - from try or catch block is10
i in finally block is8
7
===============================

執行順序:
try塊中出現異常到catch,catch中出現異常到finally,finally中執行到return語句返回,不檢查異常。

結論:
返回finally中return值。

6、只在函式最後出現return語句

測試程式碼:

    public static int WithException3() {
        int i = 10;
        try {
            System.out.println("i in try block is:" + i);
            i = i / 0;
            //return --i;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:" + i);
            //int j = i/0;
            //return --i;
        } finally {

            System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:" + i);
            --i;
            --i;
            System.out.println("i in finally block is:" + i);
            //return --i;
        }
        return --i;
    }

執行結果:

=============WithException3==================
i in try block is10
i in catch - form try block is10
i in finally - from try or catch block is10
i in finally block is8
7
===============================

總結:
try中執行完return的語句後,不返回,執行finally塊,finally塊執行結束後,返回到try塊中,返回i在try塊中最後的值。
結論一:
return語句並不是函式的最終出口,如果有finally語句,這在return之後還會執行finally
(return的值會暫存在棧裡面,等待finally執行後再返回)
結論二:
finally裡面不建議放return語句,根據需要,return語句可以放在try和catch裡面和函式的最後。可行的做法有四:
(1)return語句只在函式最後出現一次。
(2)return語句僅在try和catch裡面都出現。
(3)return語句僅在try和函式的最後都出現。
(4)return語句僅在catch和函式的最後都出現。
注意,除此之外的其他做法都是不可行的,編譯器會報錯。

2017.2.21
原來以為碰到這種型別的題目,再也不會錯,但是碰到了一下的“套中套” 。。 。 防不勝防

public class ZeroTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
     try{
       int i = 100 / 0;
       System.out.print(i);
  }catch(Exception e){
       System.out.print(1);
       throw new RuntimeException();
  }finally{
       System.out.print(2);
  }
      System.out.print(3);
 }
 }

這段程式的輸出為12 ‘3’是不會輸出的,因為在try中捕捉到異常後,程式跳進catch,會執行throw newRuntimeException(),這個時候,程式出了會執行finally中的程式碼,其他位置處的程式碼都不會執行。