Objective-C Runtime 執行時：成員變數(ivars)及屬性
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-27
獲取類的成員變數和屬性：
在objc_class中，所有的成員變數、屬性的資訊是放在連結串列ivars中的。ivars是一個數組，陣列中每個元素是指向Ivar(變數資訊)的指標。runtime提供了豐富的函式來操作這一欄位。大體上可以分為以下幾類：
1.成員變數操作函式，主要包含以下函式：
// 獲取類中指定名稱例項成員變數的資訊 Ivar class_getInstanceVariable ( Class cls, const char *name ); // 獲取類成員變數的資訊 Ivar class_getClassVariable ( Class cls, const char *name ); // 新增成員變數 BOOL class_addIvar ( Class cls, const char *name, size_t size, uint8_t alignment, const char *types ); // 獲取整個成員變數列表 Ivar * class_copyIvarList ( Class cls, unsigned int *outCount );
class_getInstanceVariable函式，它返回一個指向包含name指定的成員變數資訊的objc_ivar結構體的指標(Ivar)。
class_getClassVariable函式，目前沒有找到關於Objective-C中類變數的資訊，一般認為Objective-C不支援類變數。注意，返回的列表不包含父類的成員變數和屬性。
Objective-C不支援往已存在的類中新增例項變數，因此不管是系統庫提供的提供的類，還是我們自定義的類，都無法動態新增成員變數。但如果我們通過執行時來建立一個類的話，又應該如何給它新增成員變數呢？這時我們就可以使用class_addIvar函數了。不過需要注意的是，這個方法只能在objc_allocateClassPair函式與objc_registerClassPair之間呼叫。另外，這個類也不能是元類。成員變數的按位元組最小對齊量是1<
class_copyIvarList函式，它返回一個指向成員變數資訊的陣列，陣列中每個元素是指向該成員變數資訊的objc_ivar結構體的指標。這個陣列不包含在父類中宣告的變數。outCount指標返回陣列的大小。需要注意的是，我們必須使用free()來釋放這個陣列。
2.屬性操作函式，主要包含以下函式：
// 獲取指定的屬性 objc_property_t class_getProperty ( Class cls, const char *name ); // 獲取屬性列表 objc_property_t * class_copyPropertyList ( Class cls, unsigned int *outCount ); // 為類新增屬性 BOOL class_addProperty ( Class cls, const char *name, const objc_property_attribute_t *attributes, unsigned int attributeCount ); // 替換類的屬性 void class_replaceProperty ( Class cls, const char *name, const objc_property_attribute_t *attributes, unsigned int attributeCount );
這一種方法也是針對ivars來操作，不過只操作那些是屬性的值。我們在後面介紹屬性時會再遇到這些函式。
例項：
//-----------------------------------------------------------
// MyClass.h
@interface MyClass : NSObject @property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *array;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *string;
- (void)method1;
- (void)method2;
+ (void)classMethod1;
@end
//-----------------------------------------------------------
// MyClass.m
#import "MyClass.h"
@interface MyClass () {
NSInteger _instance1;
NSString * _instance2;
}
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSUInteger integer;
- (void)method3WithArg1:(NSInteger)arg1 arg2:(NSString *)arg2;
@end
@implementation MyClass
+ (void)classMethod1 {
}
- (void)method1 {
NSLog(@"call method method1");
}
- (void)method2 {
}
- (void)method3WithArg1:(NSInteger)arg1 arg2:(NSString *)arg2 {
NSLog(@"arg1 : %ld, arg2 : %@", arg1, arg2);
}
@endMyClass *myClass = [[MyClass alloc] init];
unsigned int outCount = 0;
Class cls = myClass.class;
// 類名
NSLog(@"class name: %s", class_getName(cls));
NSLog(@"==========================================================");
// 父類
NSLog(@"super class name: %s", class_getName(class_getSuperclass(cls)));
NSLog(@"==========================================================");
// 是否是元類
NSLog(@"MyClass is %@ a meta-class", (class_isMetaClass(cls) ? @"" : @"not"));
NSLog(@"==========================================================");
Class meta_class = objc_getMetaClass(class_getName(cls));
NSLog(@"%s's meta-class is %s", class_getName(cls), class_getName(meta_class));
NSLog(@"==========================================================");
// 變數例項大小
NSLog(@"instance size: %zu", class_getInstanceSize(cls));
NSLog(@"==========================================================");
// 成員變數
Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList(cls, &outCount);
for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
Ivar ivar = ivars[i];
NSLog(@"instance variable's name: %s at index: %d", ivar_getName(ivar), i);
}
free(ivars);
Ivar string = class_getInstanceVariable(cls, "_string");
if (string != NULL) {
NSLog(@"instace variable %s", ivar_getName(string));
}
NSLog(@"==========================================================");
// 屬性操作
objc_property_t * properties = class_copyPropertyList(cls, &outCount);
for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
objc_property_t property = properties[i];
NSLog(@"property's name: %s", property_getName(property));
}
free(properties);
objc_property_t array = class_getProperty(cls, "array");
if (array != NULL) {
NSLog(@"property %s", property_getName(array));
}
NSLog(@"==========================================================");
// 方法操作
Method *methods = class_copyMethodList(cls, &outCount);
for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
Method method = methods[i];
NSLog(@"method's signature: %s", method_getName(method));
}
free(methods);
Method method1 = class_getInstanceMethod(cls, @selector(method1));
if (method1 != NULL) {
NSLog(@"method %s", method_getName(method1));
}
Method classMethod = class_getClassMethod(cls, @selector(classMethod1));
if (classMethod != NULL) {
NSLog(@"class method : %s", method_getName(classMethod));
}
NSLog(@"MyClass is%@ responsd to selector: method3WithArg1:arg2:", class_respondsToSelector(cls, @selector(method3WithArg1:arg2:)) ? @"" : @" not");
IMP imp = class_getMethodImplementation(cls, @selector(method1));
imp();
NSLog(@"==========================================================");
// 協議
Protocol * __unsafe_unretained * protocols = class_copyProtocolList(cls, &outCount);
Protocol * protocol;
for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
protocol = protocols[i];
NSLog(@"protocol name: %s", protocol_getName(protocol));
}
NSLog(@"MyClass is%@ responsed to protocol %s", class_conformsToProtocol(cls, protocol) ? @"" : @" not", protocol_getName(protocol));
NSLog(@"==========================================================");這段程式的輸出如下：
2014-10-22 19:41:37.452 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] class name: MyClass
2014-10-22 19:41:37.453 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] ==========================================================
2014-10-22 19:41:37.454 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] super class name: NSObject
2014-10-22 19:41:37.454 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] ==========================================================
2014-10-22 19:41:37.454 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] MyClass is not a meta-class
2014-10-22 19:41:37.454 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] ==========================================================
2014-10-22 19:41:37.454 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] MyClass's meta-class is MyClass
2014-10-22 19:41:37.455 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] ==========================================================
2014-10-22 19:41:37.455 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] instance size: 48
2014-10-22 19:41:37.455 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] ==========================================================
2014-10-22 19:41:37.455 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] instance variable's name: _instance1 at index: 0
2014-10-22 19:41:37.455 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] instance variable's name: _instance2 at index: 1
2014-10-22 19:41:37.455 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] instance variable's name: _array at index: 2
2014-10-22 19:41:37.455 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] instance variable's name: _string at index: 3
2014-10-22 19:41:37.463 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] instance variable's name: _integer at index: 4
2014-10-22 19:41:37.463 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] instace variable _string
2014-10-22 19:41:37.463 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] ==========================================================
2014-10-22 19:41:37.463 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] property's name: array
2014-10-22 19:41:37.463 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] property's name: string
2014-10-22 19:41:37.464 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] property's name: integer
2014-10-22 19:41:37.464 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] property array
2014-10-22 19:41:37.464 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] ==========================================================
2014-10-22 19:41:37.464 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method's signature: method1
2014-10-22 19:41:37.464 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method's signature: method2
2014-10-22 19:41:37.464 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method's signature: method3WithArg1:arg2:
2014-10-22 19:41:37.465 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method's signature: integer
2014-10-22 19:41:37.465 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method's signature: setInteger:
2014-10-22 19:41:37.465 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method's signature: array
2014-10-22 19:41:37.465 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method's signature: string
2014-10-22 19:41:37.465 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method's signature: setString:
2014-10-22 19:41:37.465 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method's signature: setArray:
2014-10-22 19:41:37.466 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method's signature: .cxx_destruct
2014-10-22 19:41:37.466 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] method method1
2014-10-22 19:41:37.466 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] class method : classMethod1
2014-10-22 19:41:37.466 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] MyClass is responsd to selector: method3WithArg1:arg2:
2014-10-22 19:41:37.467 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] call method method1
2014-10-22 19:41:37.467 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] ==========================================================
2014-10-22 19:41:37.467 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] protocol name: NSCopying
2014-10-22 19:41:37.467 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] protocol name: NSCoding
2014-10-22 19:41:37.467 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] MyClass is responsed to protocol NSCoding
2014-10-22 19:41:37.468 RuntimeTest[3189:156810] ==========================================================