環境說明：
版本 version 5.6.25-log 
主庫ip: 10.219.24.25
從庫ip：10.219.24.22
os 版本： centos 6.7
已安裝熱備軟體：xtrabackup 
防火牆已關

補充：

主從複製原理： http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/72972701
mysql 5.6安裝 ：http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/53608554
xtrabackup 安裝： http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/72836184

一主一從搭建流程：

1、 主庫引數調整
-- 停止主庫mysql
[[email protected] ~]# service mysql stop
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606
-- 調整 my.cnf 引數
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = oracle
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id=25
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog 
log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
binlog_format = mixed
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend 
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
說明：主庫必須配置的引數
server-id （主從的server-id必須不同）、log_bin、binlog_format 

-- 啟動主庫
[[email protected] ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
2、 從庫引數調整
-- 停止從庫mysql
[[email protected] ~]# service mysql stop
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606
-- 調整 my.cnf 引數
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = oracle
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id=22
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog 
log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
relay-log = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay-log-index = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay_log_purge = on
read-only = 1
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
說明：從庫必須配置的引數
server-id、log_bin、relay-log、read-only

3、 主庫備份
-- 主庫備份目錄
[[email protected] full]# pwd
/xtrabackup/full
-- 主庫 innobackupex 備份
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=oracle --port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/
170610 17:50:23 Backup created in directory '/xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/'
MySQL binlog position: filename 'binlog.000010', position '120'
....
170610 17:50:23 completed OK!
-- 檢視備份 binlog編號 與 截止 position
[[email protected] 2017-06-10_17-50-19]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info 
binlog.000010 120

4、 從庫建立與主庫相同的備份目錄
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /xtrabackup/full
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /xtrabackup/full/

5、 主庫將備份 scp 到從庫
[[email protected] full]# pwd
/xtrabackup/full
[[email protected] full]# scp -r 2017-06-10_17-50-19 10.219.24.22:/xtrabackup/full
6、 從庫檢視scp過來的備份
[[email protected] ~]# cd /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/
[[email protected] 2017-06-10_17-50-19]# ll
total 12320
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 419 Jun 10 18:01 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 Jun 10 18:01 ibdata1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 test
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 18 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 113 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 482 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2560 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_logfile

7、 主庫建立同步使用者
mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'slave25'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'oracle'; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

8、 從庫恢復主庫資料
-- 從庫將原有datadir資料夾重新命名到新位置，並建立原資料夾 
[[email protected] ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysqlbak
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
-- innobackupex apply-log
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --user=oracle \
--password=oracle --port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/
-- innobackupex copy 恢復的檔案到原來的資料位置
[[email protected] mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root \
--copy-back /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/

170610 18:25:11 completed OK!
-- 建立binlog目錄與 relaylog 目錄並賦權
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binarylog
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/relaylog/
[[email protected] mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

9、 從庫配置與檢測
-- 從庫啟動
[[email protected] mysql]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
-- 從庫指定與主庫同步的基本資訊
mysql>
change master to
master_host='10.219.24.25',
master_port=3306,
master_user='slave25',
master_password='oracle', 
master_log_file='binlog.000010',
master_log_pos=120; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)

引數解釋：
MASTER_HOST : 設定要連線的主伺服器的ip地址
MASTER_USER : 設定要連線的主伺服器的使用者名稱
MASTER_PASSWORD : 設定要連線的主伺服器的密碼
MASTER_LOG_FILE : 設定要連線的主伺服器的bin日誌的日誌名稱
MASTER_LOG_POS : 設定要連線的主伺服器的bin日誌的記錄位置
-- 啟動slave 狀態(開始監聽msater的變化)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
-- 檢視slave的狀態.
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.219.24.25 #主庫 IP
Master_User: slave25 # 主庫複製的使用者
Master_Port: 3306 # 主庫 mysqld 
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000010 #io_thread 讀取主庫 master_log_file
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 717 # io_thread 讀取主庫 master_log_pos
Relay_Log_File: relay.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 877
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000010 #sql_thread 執行主庫的 master_log_file
Slave_IO_Running: Yes # 關鍵的，io_thread 是否 running 
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes # 關鍵的，sql_thread 是否 running
Replicate_Do_DB: 
Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
Replicate_Do_Table: 
Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error: 
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 717 #sql_thread 執行主庫的 master_log_pos
Relay_Log_Space: 1040
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File: 
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File: 
Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
Master_SSL_Cert: 
Master_SSL_Cipher: 
Master_SSL_Key: 
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 # 從庫 的延遲
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error: 
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error: 
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
Master_Server_Id: 25
Master_UUID: 29d68531-4cf9-11e7-8e1f-000c297c4100
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind: 
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
Master_SSL_Crl: 
Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
Executed_Gtid_Set: 
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

10、 主從同步檢查 
-- 主庫
mysql> create database repl;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use repl
Database changed
mysql> create table repl (id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into repl values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

-- 從庫
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| binarylog |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| relaylog |
| repl |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use repl
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from repl;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) >同步成功！