1. read_mem 和 write_mem

這兩個函式比較容易理解，主要是使用copy_to_user和copy_frome_user對資料時行拷貝，其他的函式也都類似，較容易理解

/*
 * This funcion reads the *physical* memory. The f_pos points directly to the 
 * memory location. 
 */
static ssize_t read_mem(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
			size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	unsigned long p = *ppos;
	ssize_t read, sz;
	char *ptr;

	if (!valid_phys_addr_range(p, count))
		return -EFAULT;
	read = 0;
#ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
	/* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
	if (p < PAGE_SIZE) {
		sz = PAGE_SIZE - p;
		if (sz > count) 
			sz = count; 
		if (sz > 0) {
			if (clear_user(buf, sz))
				return -EFAULT;
			buf += sz; 
			p += sz; 
			count -= sz; 
			read += sz; 
		}
	}
#endif

	while (count > 0) {
		/*
		 * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
		 */
		if (-p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
			sz = -p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
		else
			sz = PAGE_SIZE;

		sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, count);

		if (!range_is_allowed(p >> PAGE_SHIFT, count))
			return -EPERM;

		/*
		 * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
		 * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
		 * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
		 */
		ptr = xlate_dev_mem_ptr(p);
		if (!ptr)
			return -EFAULT;

		if (copy_to_user(buf, ptr, sz)) {
			unxlate_dev_mem_ptr(p, ptr);
			return -EFAULT;
		}

		unxlate_dev_mem_ptr(p, ptr);

		buf += sz;
		p += sz;
		count -= sz;
		read += sz;
	}

	*ppos += read;
	return read;
}

static ssize_t write_mem(struct file * file, const char __user * buf, 
			 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	unsigned long p = *ppos;
	ssize_t written, sz;
	unsigned long copied;
	void *ptr;

	if (!valid_phys_addr_range(p, count))
		return -EFAULT;

	written = 0;

#ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
	/* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
	if (p < PAGE_SIZE) {
		unsigned long sz = PAGE_SIZE - p;
		if (sz > count)
			sz = count;
		/* Hmm. Do something? */
		buf += sz;
		p += sz;
		count -= sz;
		written += sz;
	}
#endif

	while (count > 0) {
		/*
		 * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
		 */
		if (-p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
			sz = -p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
		else
			sz = PAGE_SIZE;

		sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, count);

		if (!range_is_allowed(p >> PAGE_SHIFT, sz))
			return -EPERM;

		/*
		 * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
		 * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
		 * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
		 */
		ptr = xlate_dev_mem_ptr(p);
		if (!ptr) {
			if (written)
				break;
			return -EFAULT;
		}

		copied = copy_from_user(ptr, buf, sz);
		if (copied) {
			written += sz - copied;
			unxlate_dev_mem_ptr(p, ptr);
			if (written)
				break;
			return -EFAULT;
		}

		unxlate_dev_mem_ptr(p, ptr);

		buf += sz;
		p += sz;
		count -= sz;
		written += sz;
	}

	*ppos += written;
	return written;
}
 

static int mmap_mem(struct file * file, struct vm_area_struct * vma)
{
	size_t size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;

	if (!valid_mmap_phys_addr_range(vma->vm_pgoff, size))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!private_mapping_ok(vma))
		return -ENOSYS;

	if (!range_is_allowed(vma->vm_pgoff, size))
		return -EPERM;

	if (!phys_mem_access_prot_allowed(file, vma->vm_pgoff, size,
						&vma->vm_page_prot))
		return -EINVAL;

	vma->vm_page_prot = phys_mem_access_prot(file, vma->vm_pgoff,
						 size,
						 vma->vm_page_prot);

	vma->vm_ops = &mmap_mem_ops;

	/* Remap-pfn-range will mark the range VM_IO and VM_RESERVED */
	if (remap_pfn_range(vma,
			    vma->vm_start,
			    vma->vm_pgoff,
			    size,
			    vma->vm_page_prot)) {
		return -EAGAIN;
	}
	return 0;
}