void __attribute__ ((constructor)) app_init(void);
void __attribute__ ((destructor)) app_fini(void);

				
        Win32 sample
_DLL_InitTerm(HMODULE modhandle, DWORD fdwReason, LPVOID lpvReserved)
{	
    WSADATA			Data;	
    switch (fdwReason)	
    {		
        case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:		
        if (_CRT_init() == -1)			
           return 0L;               
          /* start with initialization code */		
          app_init();		
          break;	
    case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:		
         /* Start with termination code*/               
         app_fini();		
         _CRT_term();		
         break;      
    …..	
    default:		
          /* unexpected flag value - return error indication */		
            return 0UL;	
    }	return 1UL;		/* success */
}

      
 

				
        Win32 example
PROCESS_INFORMATION    procInfo;
STARTUPINFO	        startupInfo;
typedef DWORD          processId;
char                   *exec_path_name
char                   *_cmd_line;


        GetStartupInfo( &startupInfo );     // You must fill in this structure
if( CreateProcess( exec_path_name,  // specify the executable program
                       _cmd_line,   // the command line arguments
                       NULL,       // ignored in Linux
                       NULL,       // ignored in Linux
                       TRUE,       // ignored in Linux
                       DETACHED_PROCESS | HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS,
                       NULL,       // ignored in Linux
                       NULL,       // ignored in Linux
               &startupInfo,
                    &procInfo))
        *processId = procInfo.dwProcessId;
else
{
        *processId = 0;
          return RC_PROCESS_NOT_CREATED;
}	
      

				
        Equivalent Linux code
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int    processId;
char  *exec_path_name;
char  *	cmd_line ;

cmd_line = (char *) malloc(strlen(_cmd_line ) + 1 );

if(cmd_line == NULL)
         return RC_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
         	
strcpy(cmd_line, _cmd_line);

if( ( *processId = 
        fork() ) == 0 )		// Create child
 {	
         char		*pArg, *pPtr;
         char		*argv[WR_MAX_ARG + 1];
         int		 argc;
         if( ( pArg = strrchr( exec_path_name, '/' ) ) != NULL )
                pArg++;
         else
                pArg = exec_path_name;
         argv[0] = pArg;
         argc = 1;
         
         if( cmd_line != NULL && *cmd_line != '/0' )
         {
                  
               pArg = strtok_r(cmd_line, " ", &pPtr);
               
               while( pArg != NULL )
               {
                              argv[argc] = pArg;
                              argc++;
                              if( argc >= WR_MAX_ARG )
                              break;
                              pArg = strtok_r(NULL, " ", &pPtr);
                }
         }
         argv[argc] = NULL;
         
         execv(exec_path_name, argv);
         free(cmd_line);
         exit( -1 );
}
else if( *processId == -1 )
{
           *processId = 0;
           free(cmd_line);
           return RC_PROCESS_NOT_CREATED;
}

      

				
        Win32 sample code
if( thread != (HANDLE) NULL )
{
    HANDLE	thread_dup;
    if( DuplicateHandle( OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, TRUE,  processId),
                                     thread,
                                     GetCurrentProcess(),
                                     &thread_dup,  //Output
                                     0,
                                     FALSE,
                                     DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS ))
      {
            TerminateThread( thread_dup, 0);
       }
}
TerminateProcess(
        OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, TRUE, 
        processId), 
   (UINT)0 );

      

				
        Equivalent  Linux code
pid_t	nRet;
int	status;

kill( processId, SIGTERM );
nRet = waitpid( processId, &status, WNOHANG);  //Check specified
   process is terminated
      

				
        Win 32 sample
HANDLE      nProc;
DWORD       dwExitCode;

nProc = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, TRUE, processId);
if ( nProc != NULL)
{
     GetExitCodeProcess( nProc, &dwExitCode );
     if (dwExitCode == STILL_ACTIVE )
            return RC_PROCESS_EXIST;
     else
            return RC_PROCESS_NOT_EXIST;
}
else
     return RC_PROCESS_NOT_EXIST;
      

				
        Equivalent Linux code
if ( kill ( processId, 0 ) == -1 && errno == ESRCH ) // No process can 
                                       be found
                             // corresponding to processId
         return RC_PROCESS_NOT_EXIST;
else
        return RC_PROCESS_EXIST;

      

				
        Win32 sample
int		hThrd;
DWORD          dwIDThread;
unsigned       stacksize;
void           *thrdparam; //parameter to be passed to the thread when it 
                                  //begins execution
HANDLE         *threadId;

if( stacksize < 8192 )
     stacksize = 8192;
else
     stacksize = (stacksize/4096+1)*4096;
     
     hThrd = _beginthread( thrdproc,    // Definition of a thread entry 
                                                                  //point
                                NULL,
                                stacksize,
                                thrdparam);
if (hThrd == -1)
     return RC_THREAD_NOT_CREATED);
     *threadId = (HANDLE) hThrd;
__________________________________________________________________     
                          
        Equivalent Linux code
                                                            
#include <pthread.h>

pthread_t   *threadId;
void         thrdproc  (void *data);  //the thread procedure (function) to 
                                               //be executed. 
                      //It receives a single void parameter
void        *thrdparam; //parameter to be passed to the thread when it 
                               //begins execution
pthread_attr_t  attr;
int             rc = 0;

if (thrdproc == NULL || threadId == NULL)
     	return RC_INVALID_PARAM);
     	
if (rc = pthread_attr_init(&attr))	
     return RC_THREAD_NOT_CREATED);  // EINVAL, ENOMEM
      
if (rc = pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, stacksize))
     return RC_THREAD_NOT_CREATED);   // EINVAL, ENOSYS
     
if (rc = pthread_create(threadId, &attr, (void*(*)(void*))thrdproc, 
   thrdparam))
     return RC_THREAD_NOT_CREATED);      // EINVAL, EAGAIN

      

echo 524288000 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax

				
        Win32 sample code
typedef struct
 {
   // This receives a pointer within the current process at which the 
   // shared memory is located.
   // The same shared memory may reside at different addresses in other
   // processes which share it.
       void *	location;
       HANDLE	hFileMapping;
}mem_shared_struct, *mem_shared, *token;

mem_shared_struct   *token;

if ((*token = (mem_shared) malloc(sizeof(mem_shared_struct))) == NULL)     
     return RC_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
     
if (newmode == new_shared_create)
   (*token)->hFileMapping = CreateFileMapping((HANDLE) 0xFFFFFFFF, NULL,
                 PAGE_READWRITE,
                 0,
                (DWORD) size,
                 (LPSTR) name);
 else
      (*token)->hFileMapping = OpenFileMapping(FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS,
                 FALSE,
                 (LPSTR) name);
if ((*token)->hFileMapping == NULL)
{
      free( *token );
      return RC_SHM_NOT_CREATED );
}

(*token)->location = MapViewOfFile((*token)->hFileMapping,
                                      FILE_MAP_READ | FILE_MAP_WRITE, 
                                      0, 0, 0);
if ((*token)->location == NULL)
{
      CloseHandle((*token)->hFileMapping);
            free(*token);
            return RC_OBJECT_NOT_CREATED;
}
____________________________________________________________________
                     
        Equivalent Linux code
                                  
typedef struct
{    	
      void    *location;
      int	 nFileDes;	
      cs_size	 nSize;	
      char	 *pFileName;
}mem_shared_struct, *mem_shared, token;

mode_t	mode=0;
int	flag=0;
int	i, ch='/0';
char   name_buff[128];

if (newmode == new_shared_create)
                  flag = O_CREAT;
else if (newmode != new_shared_attach)	
                  return RC_INVALID_PARAM;
                  
if ((*token = (mem_shared) malloc(sizeof(mem_shared_struct))) == NULL)
               return RC_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
               
strcpy(name_buff, "/tmp/" );
strcat(name_buff, name );

if(((*token)->pFileName = malloc(strlen(name_buff)+1)) == NULL )
{     
      free(*token);
      return RC_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
}

mode |= S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP;
flag |= O_RDWR;

if(newmode == new_shared_create)    
      remove(name_buff);
      
if(((*token)->nFileDes = open(name_buff, flag, mode)) < 0)
{    
      free((*token)->pFileName);
      free(*token);
      return RC_OBJECT_NOT_CREATED;
}

if(newmode == new_shared_create)
{    
      lseek((*token)->nFileDes, size - 1, SEEK_SET);
      write((*token)->nFileDes, &ch, 1);
}
if(lseek((*token)->nFileDes, 0, SEEK_END) < size)
{	
         free((*token)->pFileName);
         free(*token);
         return RC_MEMSIZE_ERROR;
}
(*token)->location = mmap( 0, size,
                  PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                  MAP_VARIABLE | MAP_SHARED, 
                      (*token)->nFileDes,
                                  0);
                                  
if((int)((*token)->location) == -1)
{   
       free((*token)->pFileName);
       free(*token);    
       return RC_OBJECT_NOT_CREATED;
}

(*token)->nSize = size;strcpy((*token)->pFileName, name_buff);