hive的安裝（遠端模式）   點選開啟連結

使用hive
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啟動hadoop

啟動hive

建立資料庫：

create database myhive;
檢視資料庫：

hive (default)> show databases;
OK
database_name
default
myhive
資料準備：employees.txt

1201    Gopal    45000    Technical manager
1202    Manisha    45000    Proof reader
1203    Masthanvali    40000    Technical writer
1204    Krian    40000    Hr Admin
1205    Kranthi    30000    Op Admin
在myhive庫中建立表

    use myhive;

hive (myhive)> create table myhive.employee (eud int,name String,salary String,destination String) COMMENT 'Employee table' ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n' STORED AS TEXTFILE;
OK
Time taken: 0.109 seconds
向hive中載入資料 （local模式）   查詢資料

hive (myhive)> load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/data/employees.txt' into table employee;
Loading data to table myhive.employee
OK
Time taken: 0.288 seconds
hive (myhive)> select * from employee;
OK
employee.eud    employee.name    employee.salary    employee.destination
1201    Gopal    45000    Technical manager
1202    Manisha    45000    Proof reader
1203    Masthanvali    40000    Technical writer
1204    Krian    40000    Hr Admin
1205    Kranthi    30000    Op Admin
Time taken: 0.128 seconds, Fetched: 5 row(s)
載入資料到hive  （實際載入到hdfs）

非local模式把資料載入到hive

資料準備：    data.txt

1206    tom    5000    Proof reader
1207    liming    40000    Technical writer
[[email protected] data]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /data
[[email protected] data]$ hadoop fs -put ./data.txt /data

hive (myhive)> load data  inpath '/data/data.txt' into table employee1;
Loading data to table myhive.employee1
OK
Time taken: 0.274 seconds
hive (myhive)> select * from employee1;
OK
employee1.eud    employee1.name    employee1.salary    employee1.destination
1206    tom    5000    Proof reader
1207    liming    40000    Technical writer
Time taken: 0.103 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
在local模式的情形中進行如下操作

[[email protected] data]$ hadoop fs -put ./data.txt /user/hive/warehouse/myhive.db/employee
[[email protected] data]$ hadoop fs -cat  /user/hive/warehouse/myhive.db/employee/data.txt
1206    tom    5000    Proof reader
1207    liming    40000    

在同一路徑資料文字格式相同資料載入成功（並非需要load data..............）進行資料的載入

hive (myhive)> select * from employee;
OK
employee.eud    employee.name    employee.salary    employee.destination
1206    tom    5000    Proof reader
1207    liming    40000    Technical writer
1201    Gopal    45000    Technical manager
1202    Manisha    45000    Proof reader
1203    Masthanvali    40000    Technical writer
1204    Krian    40000    Hr Admin
1205    Kranthi    30000    Op Admin
Time taken: 0.162 seconds, Fetched: 7 row(s)
向employee表中插入資料 -mapreduce-job        

**  （HIVE:    支援插入, 不支援刪除和更新

hive (myhive)> insert into employee(eid,name) values(1208,'jack')

             > ;
FAILED: SemanticException 1:21 'eid' in insert schema specification is not found among regular columns of myhive.employee nor dynamic partition columns.. Error encountered near token 'name'
hive (myhive)> insert into employee(eid,name) values(1208,'jack');
FAILED: SemanticException 1:21 'eid' in insert schema specification is not found among regular columns of myhive.employee nor dynamic partition columns.. Error encountered near token 'name'
hive (myhive)> insert into employee(eud,name) values(1208,'jack');
WARNING: Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
Query ID = hadoop_20180629105054_e4e30a0f-92b7-42b5-8ecb-3a5fe41d516b
Total jobs = 3
Launching Job 1 out of 3
Number of reduce tasks is set to 0 since there's no reduce operator
Starting Job = job_1530235955590_0001, Tracking URL = http://master:8088/proxy/application_1530235955590_0001/
Kill Command = /usr/local/soft/hadoop-2.7.3/bin/hadoop job  -kill job_1530235955590_0001
Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 0
2018-06-29 10:51:11,738 Stage-1 map = 0%,  reduce = 0%
2018-06-29 10:51:22,753 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 2.59 sec
MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 2 seconds 590 msec
Ended Job = job_1530235955590_0001
Stage-4 is selected by condition resolver.
Stage-3 is filtered out by condition resolver.
Stage-5 is filtered out by condition resolver.
Moving data to directory hdfs://master:9000/user/hive/warehouse/myhive.db/employee/.hive-staging_hive_2018-06-29_10-50-54_840_2892277479385925233-1/-ext-10000
Loading data to table myhive.employee
MapReduce Jobs Launched: 
Stage-Stage-1: Map: 1   Cumulative CPU: 2.59 sec   HDFS Read: 4375 HDFS Write: 87 SUCCESS
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 2 seconds 590 msec
OK
_col0    _col1    _col2    _col3

hadoop fs -lsr /user/

簡單操作    （在hive中執行shell命令      本地）

hive (myhive)> !ls /home/hadoop/data;
1901
1902
data.txt
employees.txt
hive (myhive)> !cat data.txt;
cat: data.txt: 沒有那個檔案或目錄
Command failed with exit code = 1
hive (myhive)> !cat /home/hadoop/data/data.txt;
1206    tom    5000    Proof reader
1207    liming    40000    Technical 
其他的shell命令在hive中的用法與上面的相同

（在hive中執行shell命令      HDFS）

hive (default)> dfs -ls /;
Found 7 items
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2018-06-29 10:58 /data
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2018-06-26 22:27 /hbase
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2018-06-27 20:52 /home
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2018-06-24 20:54 /input
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2018-06-28 22:54 /mapreduce
drwx------   - hadoop supergroup          0 2018-06-29 10:50 /tmp
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2018-06-25 15:49 /user

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作者：qq_41028958 
來源：CSDN 
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41028958/article/details/80853089 
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