一、為什麼需要廣播接收者（broadcastReceiver）

1.有什麼樣的人員聽廣播 老人，計程車司機
2.聽廣播必須：電臺，收音機，調頻道
3.Android內部已經定義好了電臺，已經定義好了一些廣播事件，如外撥電話，簡訊到來等等
4.使用broadcastReceiver去接收系統定義好的這些事件
5.javame javase javaee
6.定義廣播接收者目的是為了方便安卓開發者開發

二、案例

2-1.案例——ip撥號器

360永久免費 瑞星 卡巴斯基

1.在清單檔案中配置receiver，並新增使用者許可權

<uses-permission
 
 android:name="android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS"/>

<application
    //......
    <!-- 配置廣播接收者 -->
    <receiver android:name="com.elnui.day07_caseip.OutGoingCallReceiver">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.NEW_OUTGOING_CALL"
 
/>
        </intent-filter>
    </receiver>
</application>

2.新建一個類繼承BroadcastReceiver

public class OutGoingCallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        // 獲取使用者輸入的ip號碼在config.xml檔案中
 

        SharedPreferences sp = context.getSharedPreferences("config", 0);
        String number = sp.getString("ipnumber", "");

        // 獲取當前撥打的電話
        String num = getResultData();

        // 在當前號碼前假17951
        // 判斷當前號碼是不是長途號碼
        if(num.startsWith("0")){
            // 修改撥打的號碼
            setResultData(number + num);
        }
    }
}

3.getResultData()

Retrieve the current result data, as set by the previous receiver. Often this is null.

4.setResultData()

Change the current result data of this broadcast; 
only works with broadcasts sent through Context.sendOrderedBroadcast. 
This is an arbitrary string whose interpretation is up to the broadcaster. 

5.總結

• BroadcastReceiver是一個抽象類，沒有上下文

public abstract class BroadcastReceiver{}

• public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {}，該方法中的context就是上下文

2-2.案例——sd卡監聽器

1.onReceive()方法

- intent.getAction();    //獲取當前廣播的事件型別 
    Retrieve the general action to be performed, such as ACTION_VIEW. 
    The action describes the general way the rest of the information in the intent should be interpreted
        -- most importantly, what to do with the data returned by getData.

2.清單檔案配置

<receiver android:name="com.elnui.day07_casesd.SdcardStateReceiver">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MEDIA_MOUNTED"/>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MEDIA_UNMOUNTED"/>
        <!-- 小細節，這裡必須配置data，約束型別叫file，因為sd裡面的資料型別是file -->
        <data android:scheme="file"/>
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

說明：<intent-filter>下必須新增<data android:scheme="file"/>

3.程式碼

public class SdcardStateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

    // 當SD卡狀態發生改變時呼叫
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String action = intent.getAction();
        if("android.intent.action.MEDIA_MOUNTED".equals(action)){
            System.out.println("SD卡掛載了。");
        }else if("android.intent.action.MEDIA_UNMOUNTED".equals(action)){
            System.out.println("SD卡掛載了。");
        }
    }
}

2-3.案例——簡訊監聽器

1.程式碼

public class SmsListerReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    // 當簡訊到來的時候執行
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Receive sms.............success!!!");

        // 獲取傳送者的號碼和內容
        Object []objects = (Object[]) intent.getExtras().get("pdus");
        for (Object obj : objects) {
            // 獲取SmsMessage的例項
            SmsMessage smg = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])obj);

            String messageBody = smg.getMessageBody();
            String messageAddr = smg.getOriginatingAddress();
            System.out.println("___Address:" + messageAddr + ":" + messageBody);
        }
    }
}

2.清單檔案配置

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"/>

<receiver android:name="com.elnui.day07_casesms.SmsListerReceiver">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

3.類SmsManager

• pdu也是封裝簡訊的一種格式

4.類SmsMessage (android.telephony包下)

通過這個API拿到簡訊的資訊

通過靜態的createFromPdu()即可獲得例項

- getOriginatingAddress(); // 獲取號碼
- getMessageBody(); // 獲取內容

2-4.解除安裝安裝

1.程式碼

public class StatusReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    // 當有新的應用被安裝或者解除安裝時呼叫
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // 獲取當前廣播的型別
        String action = intent.getAction();
        if("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_INSTALL".equals(action)){
            System.out.println("___PACKAGE_INSTALL");
        }else if("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED".equals(action)){
            System.out.println("___PACKAGE_REMOVED");
        }else if("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED".equals(action)){
            System.out.println("___PACKAGE_ADDED" + intent.getData());
        }
    }
}

2.清單檔案配置(此處得配置data)

<receiver android:name="com.elnui.day07_caseinstall.StatusReceiver">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.PACKAGE_INSTALL"/>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED"/>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED"/>

        <!-- 小細節：還需配置一個data -->
        <data android:scheme="package"/>
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

android.intent.action.PACKAGE_INSTALL是谷歌工程師預留的字元段

3.getData()

intent.getData()可以拿到包名

2-5.開機啟動

1.程式碼

public class BootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    // 當手機重啟時呼叫
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

        // 開啟Activity
        Intent x  = new Intent(context,MainActivity.class);

        // 新增標記
        x.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);

        context.startActivity(x);
    }
}

2.清單檔案配置

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
<application>
    <receiver android:name="com.elnui.day07_reboot.BootReceiver">
        <intent-filter >
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
        </intent-filter>
    </receiver>
</application>

3.注意

不能在廣播接收者裡面開啟Activity，需要新增一個任務棧的標記
開機啟動一定要加RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED許可權

// 新增標記
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);

4.補充

在頁面按返回鍵會呼叫onBackPressed()

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onBackPressed();
    }

三、不同版本廣播的特點

四、有序廣播和無序廣播

4-1.無序廣播

比如新聞聯播，到7點就播

1.廣播發送者

程式碼

    public void click1(View v){
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction("com.elnui.custom");
        intent.putExtra("name", "準時開播");
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

2.廣播接收者

程式碼

public class wuxuRecelver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    // 當接收到自定義的廣播時執行
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String str = intent.getStringExtra("name");

        Toast.makeText(context, str, 1).show();
    }
}

清單檔案

        <receiver android:name="com.elnui.day07_recelve.wuxuRecelver">
            <intent-filter >
                <action android:name="com.elnui.custom"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

4-2.有序廣播

類似中央傳送紅標頭檔案，按照優先順序進行接收

1.傳送者

程式碼

    // 點擊發送有序廣播
    public void click1(View v){
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction("com.elnui.sendOrderBroadcast");

        /**
         * intent 意圖
         * receiverPermission 接收的許可權
         * resultReceiver 最終的recriver
         * scheduler handler
         * initialCode 初始碼
         * initialData 初始化資料
         * initialExtras 額外資料
         * 
         * */
        sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null, new FinalReceiver(), null, 1, "有序廣播-1000", null);
    }

2.接收者(以其中一個為例)

程式碼

public class CountryReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String str = getResultData();

        Toast.makeText(context, "鄉_>>"+str, 1).show();

        setResultData("有序廣播-100");

        // 終止廣播
        //abortBroadcast();
    }
}

清單檔案

<!-- 省長優先順序 最高優先順序-->
        <receiver android:name="com.elnui.day07_receiver.ProvienceReceiver">
            <intent-filter android:priority="1000">
                <action android:name="com.elnui.sendOrderBroadcast"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

        <!-- 市長優先順序 -->
        <receiver android:name="com.elnui.day07_receiver.CityReceiver">
            <intent-filter android:priority="100">
                <action android:name="com.elnui.sendOrderBroadcast"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

        <!-- 鄉長優先順序 -->
        <receiver android:name="com.elnui.day07_receiver.CountryReceiver">
            <intent-filter android:priority="10">
                <action android:name="com.elnui.sendOrderBroadcast"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

        <!-- 村民優先順序 -->
        <receiver android:name="com.elnui.day07_receiver.PeopleReceiver">
            <intent-filter android:priority="1">
                <action android:name="com.elnui.sendOrderBroadcast"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

3.最終接收者

public class FinalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String str = getResultData();

        Toast.makeText(context, "報告_>>"+str, 1).show();
    }
}

說明：最終接收者無需再清單檔案中配置

4.abortBroadcast()

終止廣播

5.有序和無序廣播的區別

1. 無序廣播不可以被終止，呼叫abortBroadcast()會在日誌檔案中列印警告
2. 無序廣播資料不可以修改

五、特殊廣播接收者

操作特別頻繁的廣播事件，比如螢幕的鎖屏和解鎖，電池電量的變化。這種事件的廣播在清單檔案註冊無效

5-1.註冊廣播接收者的兩種方式

1. 使用程式碼動態註冊 Context.registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter)

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // 動態去註冊廣播接收者
        ScreenReceiver sc = new ScreenReceiver();
        /*
         *      <action android:name="android.intent.action.SCREEN_OFF"/>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.SCREEN_ON"/>
         * */
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("android.intent.action.SCREEN_OFF");
        intentFilter.addAction("android.intent.action.SCREEN_ON");
        registerReceiver(sc, intentFilter);
    }
}

04-16 10:24:40.719: E/ActivityThread(2270): android.app.IntentReceiverLeaked:
Activity com.elnui.day07_broadcast.MainActivity has leaked IntentReceiver [email protected]
that was originally registered here. Are you missing a call to unregisterReceiver()?

注意，當Activity銷燬的時候，要取消註冊廣播接收者unregisterReceiver()

2. 在清單檔案通過receiver節點靜態註冊

六、樣式和主題

6-1.樣式

樣式的作用一般在控制元件上，樣式的作用範圍比較窄

6-2.主題

主題一般作用在Activity或者Application節點下，作用範圍相抵較大

6-3.二者定義的方式一樣

七、國際化

i18n

在res目錄下建立不同國家語言環境的目錄即可，如values-ch,values-en..

八、常見對話方塊

8-1.Toast

8-2.普通對話方塊

public void click1(View v){
        // 通過Builder構建器來構造
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(this);

        builder.setTitle("警告"); // 標題
        builder.setMessage("世界上最遙遠的距離是沒有網路");   //內容
        builder.setPositiveButton("確定", new OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                System.out.println("___點選了確定按鈕");
            }
        }); //
        builder.setNegativeButton("取消", new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                System.out.println("___點選了取消按鈕");
            }
        }); //
        builder.show();
    }

8-3.單選對話方塊

    // 點選，彈出一個單選對話方塊
    public void click2(View v){
        // 通過Builder構建器來構造
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(this);

        builder.setTitle("請選擇課程");
        items = new String[] {"安卓","IOS","C","C++","C#"};
        builder.setSingleChoiceItems(items, 0, new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                System.out.println("___點選了單選按鈕");

                // 取出選擇的內容
                String str = items[which];
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), str, 1).show();
                // 關閉單選框
                dialog.dismiss();
            }
        });
        builder.show();
    }

8-4.多選對話方塊

    // 點選，彈出一個多選對話方塊
    public void click3(View v){
        // 通過Builder構建器來構造
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(this);
        builder.setTitle("請選擇水果");
        final String frults[] = new String[] {"蘋果","西瓜","桔子","榴蓮","哈密瓜"};
        checkedItems = new boolean[] {true,false,false,false,false};
        builder.setMultiChoiceItems(frults, checkedItems, new OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

            }
        });
        builder.setPositiveButton("確定", new OnClickListener() {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                // 把選中的條目資料取出來
                for (int i = 0; i < checkedItems.length; i++) {
                    if(checkedItems[i]){
                        String frult = frults[i];
                        sb.append(frult + "-");
                    }
                }
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), sb.toString(), 1).show();

                // 關閉單選框
                dialog.dismiss();
            }
        });
        builder.show();
    }

8-5.進度條對話方塊

PrograssBar

與進度相關的控制元件，都可以在子執行緒更新UI

    // 點選，彈出進度條對話方塊
    public void click4(View v){
        final ProgressDialog dialog = new ProgressDialog(this);
        dialog.setTitle("正在玩命載入。。。。");  

        // 設定進度條樣式
        dialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);

        // 執行緒
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                // 設定最大進度
                dialog.setMax(100);
                for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                    // 設定進度
                    dialog.setProgress(i);

                    // 延時
                    SystemClock.sleep(50);
                    if(dialog.getProgress() == 99){
                        dialog.dismiss();
                    }
                }
                super.run();
            }
        }.start();;

        // 最後show()
        dialog.show();
    }

九、兩種上下文的區別

9-1.getApplicationContext()

返回的物件是Context物件【父類】

9-2.this

最終繼承Context物件【子類】
注意： 對話方塊只能用this

十、安卓中的動畫

10-1.幀動畫

• 載入一系列的圖片資源
• The AnimationDrawable class is the basis for Drawable animations.
  res/drawable/my_animation.xml
• 在android2.3之前的手機上需要用相容性寫法，使用執行緒

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:oneshot="true">
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_1" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_2" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_3" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_4" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_5" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_6" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_7" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_8" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_9" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_10" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/girl_11" android:duration="200" />
</animation-list>

onCreat()

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        ImageView rocketImage  = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.iv);

        // 設定背景資源
        rocketImage.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.my_animation);

        // 獲取AnimationDraw型別
        AnimationDrawable rocketAnimation = (AnimationDrawable) rocketImage.getBackground();

        // 開啟動畫
        rocketAnimation.start();
    }

10-2.View動畫（補間動畫）

10-3.屬性動畫

筆記：

筆記一：Android TextView 文字居中

兩種方法

• 在xml檔案設定：Android:gravity=”center”
• 在程式中設定：m_TxtTitle.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);

android:gravity和android:layout_gravity的區別在於前者對控制元件內部操作，後者是對整個控制元件操作